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Poli Sci 140 > Midterm #2 Review > Flashcards

Midterm #2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Wars

A
  • Hegemonic War
  • Total War
  • Limited War
  • Civil War
  • Guerilla War
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2
Q

Hegemonic War

A

War over control of the entire word order
Ex: world war, global war, general war, systemic war
WWII

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3
Q

Total War

A

Warfare by one state waged to conquer and occupy another
Goal: to reach surrender of the government, then replace
WWII

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4
Q

Limited War

A

Military actions carried out to gain some objective short of the surrender and occupation of the enemy
- many border wars

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5
Q

Civil War

A

Between factions within a state trying to create or prevent a new government

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6
Q

Guerrilla War

A

Includes certain kinds of civil wars, warfare without front lines

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7
Q

Individual Level cause of war

A

Rationality, realism, use of war reflects rational decisions of national leaders

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8
Q

Domestic level cause of war

A

Due to the characteristics of states and societies

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9
Q

Systemic level cause of war

A

Due to power relations among major actors

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10
Q

Power transition theory

A

conflicts generate larger wars at times when power is relatively equally distributed and a rising power is threatening to overtake a declining hegemony

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11
Q

Cyce theories

A

Explains general tendencies toward war

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12
Q

Nonviolent means of leverage

A

Foreign aid, economic sanctions, diplomacy

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13
Q

Violent actions as leverage

A

mobilization, suicide bombers, missiles

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14
Q

Why do states devote most resources to military capabilities compared to other means of influence

A

Security dilemma

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15
Q

Categories of Military Capabilities

A

Conventional forces, irregular forces, weapons of mass destruction

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16
Q

Types of struggles

A
  • controlling territory
  • controlling the sea
  • controlling the skies
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17
Q

Means of leverage

A

dominance (realism)
Reciprocity (Liberal)
Identity (c)

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18
Q

New analogy of defense economics

A

Societal costs in the long run, money can be used for other areas
Tradeoff between long-term economic growth and military spending

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19
Q

Generation Warfare

A

1st: muskets, line tactics
2nd: attrition warfare, firepower (WWI)
3rd: maneuver warfare, rapid mechanization (WWII)
4th: guerilla warfare, asymmetric war (larger group against a smaller group)

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20
Q

Network Centric Warfare

A

using technology, intelligence, infantry

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21
Q

Future of warfare?

A

Fighting for cyberspace, low tech

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22
Q

Types of international conflicts

A 
Ethnic (Ideas)
Religious (Ideas)
Ideological (ideas)
Territorial (Interests)
Governmental (interests)
Economic (interests)
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23
Q

ethnic conflict

A

ethnic division is created by the existence of threats between ethnic groups

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24
Q

Irredentism

A

Goal of regaining territory lost to another state

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25
Q

Most common form of conflict in IR

A

Economic conflicts

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26
Q

Why are ideological conflicts hard to resolve?
A: An intangible desire
B: not closely tied to personal morals and beliefs
C: gaining land, power and materials

A

A: an intangible desire, more personal

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27
Q

Why are material conflicts the hardest to resolve?

A

Always more to gain, land, power, materials. States are greedy. Always a possibility.

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28
Q

Why are territorial conflicts the hardest to resolve?

A

Hard to come to an agreement, no one wants to give up land, people on the land fighting for their own land.

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29
Q

Two types of territorial conflicts

A
  1. over land ownership

2. who has the right to the land with an existing state

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30
Q

Interdependence Theory of economic conflict

A

Must be some relationship between economic activity and trade between countries. Whether conflicts rises or falls.

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31
Q

Sensitivity interdependence

A

Dependence when you can find other sources

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32
Q

Vulnerability interdependence

A

Hard to find other sources

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33
Q

nationalism and war

A

Conflicts over nations, ethics, or religious groups are the deeper cause of most wars.

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34
Q

Terrorism

A

political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately

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35
Q

Purpose of terrorism

A

Demoralize civilian population, leverage on national government.
Gaining media attention
Psychological effect. Fear raised from the violence

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36
Q

Types of Weapons of Mass Destruction

A
  1. Nuclear
  2. Chemical
  3. Biological
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37
Q

Nuclear Weapons

A

Most destructive weapon
EX: atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs.
EX: Ballistic missiles (long or short range)

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38
Q

Chemical Weapons

A

release chemicals that disable and kill people
EX: Nerve gas, tear gas, mustard gas
Banned under Geneva protocol.

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39
Q

Biological Weapons

A

Use deadly microorganisms to release viruses or bacteria

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40
Q

Proliferation

A

Spread of WMD

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41
Q

Non-proliferation treaty

A

Controlling the spread of nuclear materials and expertise

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42
Q

Mutually Assured Destruction

A

MAD, neither side can prevent the other from destroying it. You bomb us we bomb you. Always that possibility.

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43
Q

Causes of terrorism

A
  • Decline of state-centric ideologies (Communism)
  • globalization= religious mobilization
  • communication and technology
  • anger over foreign policy
  • authoritarian regimes
44
Q

Counter-terrorism

A

key goal: breaking the narrative of terrorist organizations

45
Q

Solutions to terrorism

A
  • Cell-phones and drones

- cutting off the money for terrorist groups will cut off operations

46
Q

Role of international organizations in war

A

Most international conflicts are not resolved through military force, rather international organizations

47
Q

How are agree norms institutionalized?

A

Through organization, overtime gaining legitimacy

48
Q

Most important international organization

A

The United Nations

49
Q

Purpose of the UN

A
  • Closest thing to a world government
  • strengthens world order
  • symbol, forum, mechanism, information
50
Q

Structure of the UN

A
  • General Assembly: representatives of all states
  • Security Council: 5 great powers and ten rotating members make decisions
    Secretariat: judicial arm
51
Q

UN Security Council purpose

A

maintaining peace and security

52
Q

Who are the P5?

A

US, Britain, France, Russia and China

53
Q

Peacekeeping forces of the UN

A

used to calm regional conflicts

function: observing or peacekeeping

54
Q

Autonomous Agencies

A

General assembly works with other international agencies

ex: World Health organization

55
Q

Types of international organizations

A
  • treaties / laws
  • International organizations
  • NGOs
  • International regimes (informal groups_
56
Q

Why do states join IOs?

A

Realists: way for strong states to get what they want
Liberals: help solve collective action problems
Constructivists: social reasons

57
Q

Main issue of the UN

A

sovereignty vs governance

58
Q

UN Secretary General

A

World moderator, a neutral actor for the globe, world president

59
Q

European Union Structure

A
  • council of the E.U: ministers of the state
  • European Council: heads of government, approve laws
  • European Commission: propose legislation
  • European Parliament: approve laws of the EC
  • Court of Justice: can strike down laws, judge from every member state
  • Central bank
60
Q

EU challenges

A

enlargement

61
Q

supranational

A

when states turn some sovereignty over to a higher intergovernmental organization

62
Q

International Integration theory

A

Merging of several states into a signal state or a single world. A central government.

63
Q

international law

A

derives from traditional agreements signed by states

64
Q

Sources of international law

A
  1. treaties (most important source)
  2. Customs: norms
  3. general principles of law
  4. legal scholarships
65
Q

what does enforcement of International law depend on?

A

enforcement depends on the reciprocity principle

66
Q

World Court Main Use

A

dispute issues of secondary importance

No war will ever be solved using the world court

67
Q

World Court

A

States can sue other states in the world court

68
Q

Diplomatic recognition

A

Status of am embassy as an official state representative

69
Q

diplomatic immunity

A

a privilege, actions fall outside of the host countries jurisdiction. Shielded from arrest.

70
Q

Just-War Doctrine

A

legal wars, strong international norm.

Legal if an aggression is repelling the attack or if punishing the aggressor. INTENT MUST BE JUST.

71
Q

Wars of aggression are…

A

Illegal wars

72
Q

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

A

core international document concerning human rights

73
Q

Enforcing humans rights

A

Hard because it involves interfering in a state’s internal affairs-

  • publicity: naming and shaming
  • pressure
  • humanitarian intervention (rare)
74
Q

War crimes

A

Large-scale abuse of human rights

75
Q

International Criminal Court (ICC)

A

hears cases of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity

76
Q

Triggers for the ICC

A
  • state can turn over an individual for trial
  • special prosecutor at the ICC can begin a trial if the crime occurred in the territory of the signatory state
  • UN SC can proceed against individuals from non-signatory states
77
Q

Geneva convention

A

Tribunal to deal with genocides

78
Q

2 visions of International law

A

Realist vision: IL is weak, rules do not influence state behavior
Liberal vision: IL has limits but it matters

79
Q

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Treaty

A

life, liberty, freedom of thought and religion

80
Q

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

A

right to education, living wage, employment

81
Q

Why do states violate H.R?

A
  • incapacity
  • national security
  • to suppress domestic political dissent
  • threat to leaders survival
82
Q

Power of technology

A

changing how information and culture function within IR

83
Q

Social media is used as…

A

A tool of revolution

- allows for communication and coordination

84
Q

Digital Divide

A

UN thinks the internet is a human right

85
Q

The global environmental issue is a….

A

Collective action problem

86
Q

Two major problems of the atmosphere

A
  1. Global warming

2. Depletion of the ozone layer

87
Q

Extinction results from…

A

overhunting, overfishing, introducing nonnative species

88
Q

Disputes over Major Sea Lane of Communication indicates which type of conflict

A

Economic conflict

89
Q

Who is in charge of the military in democracies

A

Civilians

90
Q

sensitivity interdependence theory (define)

A

cost of maintaining relationships

91
Q

vulnerability interdependence theory (define)

A

cost of breaking relationships

- how vulnerable one country would be to another country

92
Q

clausewitz theory

A

war is diplomacy/politics by other means

-rational policy choice

93
Q

Keegan theory

A

war is of its own kind

- irrational

94
Q

Huntington theory

A

civil military relations

95
Q

Finer theory

A

who deserves loyalty

military vs civilians

96
Q

Parallel cleavages

A

creates division and tension, leads to conflict

ex: nationalism leading to civil war

97
Q

Cross-cutting cleavages

A

better division and diversity, less conflict

98
Q

EU challenges

A
  • Euro crisis
  • Democratic backsliding in Eastern Europe
  • Brexit (could lead to domino effect)
  • Enlargement
99
Q

Bill of human rights

A

the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education

100
Q

Eu History

A
  • European coal and steel community (treaty of Paris)
  • treaty of Rome (common market)
  • widening
  • deepening
101
Q

Causes of Brexit

A
  • immigration politics

- economic policies

102
Q

environmental issue is a…

A

collective action problem

103
Q

3 types of environmental issues

A
  1. global governance (kyoto, Paris agreement)
  2. regional/cross-border (immigration, population)
  3. within a country (population)
104
Q

Kyoto (1992)

A

limiting greenhouse gas emissions

- eventually many wanted out

105
Q

Emerging Climate Regime

A

EU
California
Idea that if International regime is not going to enforce it, we will do it regionally or locally

106
Q

Paris Agreement

A
  • temp
  • differenciation
  • emmission objectives
  • burden-sharing
  • climate damage

Poli Sci 140 (1 decks)

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