Midterm 2 Random

Question 1

primary structure

Answer 1

what amino acids make up the structure

Question 2

secondary structure

Answer 2

describes some aspects of 3d, h-bonding between backbone, a-helix (flexible), and beta-pleated sheets (strong)

Question 3

tertiary structure

Answer 3

how protein folds to achieve active form (side chain int.: h-bonding, salt bridges, hydrophobic effects, disulfide bonds, pi-stacking)

Question 4

quaternary structure

Answer 4

multiple subunits in active form (bonding motif in center of subunits)

Question 5

denaturing a protein

Answer 5

-disrupt interactions
-change pH- h-bonding-salt bridge most affected
-chemical: THF disrupts hydrophobic most
-heat + agitation

Question 6

Peptide bonds

Answer 6

connect the residues

Question 7

enzymes

Answer 7

catalyze reactions lowers delta G double dagger

Question 8

pi-stacking

Answer 8

sandwich, t-shaped, parallel-displaced

Question 9

synthesis of amino acids

Answer 9

Strecker Synthesis:
1) NH3, trace acid
2)HCN
3) acid, D

Question 10

heterocyclic amino acids

Answer 10

Proline, tryptophan, histidine:
confers a variety of properties, catalysis, and pi-stacking

Question 11

Benzene Amino Acids

Answer 11

Tyrosine, Phenylalanine:
useful for hydrophobic pockets, pi-stacking, and the creation of complex biomolecules

Question 12

Amide-based Amino Acids

Answer 12

Asparagine, glutamine
amide in side chain, increases polarity of the compound, can engage in coupling rxns and other synthetic routs

Question 13

Basic Amino Acids

Answer 13

-amine on their side chains
-+1 charge
-heavily involved in catalysis
-histidine can act as acid or base b/c pKa value
-engages in Acid Catalysis

Question 14

Acidic Amino acids

Answer 14

-carboxylic acid on side chain
-can engage in basic catalysis
-low pka values, usually in conj. base form increasing water solubility

Question 15

Sulfur containing Amino acids

Answer 15

-used to create hydrophobic pockets in proteins

Question 16

disulfide bonds

Answer 16

contains thiol functional group, can be oxidized to disulfides

Question 17

Aliphatic Amino acids

Answer 17

have a hydrophobic side chain(just c’s), useful for repelling water (hydrophobic pockets)

Question 18

Physiological pH

Answer 18

7.4!!!!

Question 19

Glyosidic Bond

Answer 19

-Monosaccharides combine to form polysaccharides

Question 20

more shielded

Answer 20

lower ppm

Question 21

more deshielded

Answer 21

higher ppm

Question 22

splitting

Answer 22

n+1 rule
ex: splits into quartet b/c 3 adjacent adjacent H that are not the same as it but same as each other

Question 23

Conformational equilibrium

Answer 23

EN atoms create their own magnetic feild , rest rapidly rotating

Question 24

Higher peaks

Answer 24

due to integral value (how many H are actually on the carbon)

Question 25

HOMOTPIC

Answer 25

same protons

Question 26

heterotopic

Answer 26

not same protons