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MUSIC 103 > Midterm 2 (Part 2) > Flashcards

Midterm 2 (Part 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Political & Economic Context of Late 60s

A

Mistrust in government continues with ongoing Vietnam war + Civil Rights movement = counterculture

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2
Q

Central Themes/Influences of Late 60s

A
  1. Disillusionment (honest themes)
  2. Free Love (explicit lyrics)
  3. Drugs (hallucinogenins and Eastern culture)
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3
Q

Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band

A

Album emblematic of counterculture; first album to be presented completely whole (no singles)
- Cover: many counterculture figures
- Unique instrumentation on every song
- Drug influences (A Day in the Life)
- “Be In” Audience (symbolic of communal living)

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4
Q

Psychedelic Rock

A

Emerged out of San Francisco, confluence of folk rock, hard rock, blues, Latin and Indian music

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5
Q

Jefferson Airplane

A

First band out of psychedelic scene to achieve national success (ACID ROCK)

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6
Q

White Rabbit (Jefferson Airplane)

A

Quintessential psychedelic rock; latin and bolero influence (one big crescendo)
- Theme: irony of parents condoning drug use, despite all the drug references in Alice in Wonderland
- 16:00!!!

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7
Q

Janis Joplin + Big Brother and the Holding Company

A

Psychedelic band which hopped on Jefferson Airplane bandwagon
- Album ‘Cheap Thrills’

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8
Q

Summertime (Big Brother and the Holding Company)

A

Cover of G.Gershwin TPA standard
- Distinct vocals by Joplin; raspy, multiphonics (2 notes produced at same time)

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9
Q

The Grateful Dead

A

Psychedelic band infamous for life performance
- ‘Live/Dead’ album recorded over many shows (songs like jam sessions)
- Counterculture community = Dead Heads

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10
Q

Jim Morrison

A

Lead singer of The Doors, famous for:
- Stage presence
- Outrageous lyrics

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11
Q

The Doors

A

Band name originates from “The Doors of Perception”, reference to a hallucinogenic trip
- Difference from other bands: no bass player!

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12
Q

Light My Fire (The Doors)

A

Quintessential psychedelic rock
- Theme: thinly veiled reference to all nighter of sex and drugs
- Changed radio consumption of rock (short version charted → long version played → increased record sales)

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13
Q

Jimi Hendrix

A

Most inventive guitar virtuoso of the guitar era
- Feedback, distortion, volume!

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14
Q

Jimi Hendrix and the Experience

A

Band formed in London, debuted in America and Monterey Pop Festival (Cali)
- Hendrix guitar tricks on display (with teeth, behind back, set on fire, made love to it!)

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15
Q

Star-Spangled Banner (Jimi Hendrix at Woodstock)

A

Unprecedented guitar playing (orchestra worth of timbre)
- Can hear the rockets and bombs
***Fine line between music and noise!

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16
Q

Purple Haze (Jimi Hendrix)

A

Quintessential Hendrix guitar
- Experimentation galore!
- Established the Hendrix chord (tritone)

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17
Q

The End of Counterculture

A
  1. 60s counterculture goes mainstream (centralized producers profiting)
  2. Deaths of Hendrix, Joplin, Morrison
  3. Dissolution of Beatles
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18
Q

Conservative Approach (of 70s)

A

New approach of the 70s involved:
- Mature themes (no more disillusionment, free love, drugs)
- Nostalgia for earlier age
- Reintroduction of the division between black and white music

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19
Q

Emerging Technology of the 70s

A

Magnetic tape → 8-track + cassettes

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20
Q

The Illusion of Choice

A

Pop music splinted into MANY genres with goal of increasing marketability

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21
Q

Radio’s Album Oriented Rock (AOR)

A

Effort to increase record sales by playing songs that could only acquired by buying full album
- Airtime given mostly to white artists (rock becoming more ‘white’)

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22
Q

Carole King

A

First a songwriter working in the Brill Building, then became singer

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23
Q

Its Too Late (Carole King)

A

Soft rock which emulated the 70s conservative approach
- Mature theme: end of relationship, acceptance of change and growing apart
- Instrumental variety

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24
Q

Joni Mitchell

A

Confessional singer-songwriter

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25
Q

All I Want (Joni Mitchell)

A

First track off album ‘Blue’, a highly confessional album
- Sparse instrumentation = focus on lyric
- Dulcimer = adds exotic flavor
- Form = unpredictable!

26
Q

Elton John

A

Master of pop rock who capitalized on the nostalgia craze of the 70s conservative approach

27
Q

Crocodile Rock

A

Song which capitalized on the nostalgia craze, based on a fictitious dance (recall dance craze of 60s!)
- Lyric: “I remember when rock was young”
- Music: Rock N Roll
- Arrangement: piano as percussion, whiny vocals in Beach Boys style

28
Q

Stevie Wonder

A

Strived to connect African American traditions to rock (despite division in early 70s)
- Like Spector: multi-faceted producer
- Like Gordy: maintained full artistic control

29
Q

Superstition (Stevie Wonder)

A

Highlight of many African American traditions
- Intensely syncopated riff
- Chord changes in verse reminiscent of blues
- Unchanging chord in hook (James Brown)
- Instrumental layering (James Brown)

30
Q

Introduction of Arena Rock (70s)

A

Transition made from the festivals of the 60s (‘be in’ tradition) → marketability!

31
Q

Issue Posed to LPs by Concept Albums

A

Artists need to fill 40 mins (20 mins each side) of meaningful, unified work!

32
Q

Concept Album Example: The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (David Bowie)

A

Glam rock album, designed with stage production in mind
- Theme: alien (Ziggy Stardust) visits Earth, becomes a rockstar and dies under the pressures of fame

33
Q

Concept Album Example: Dark Side of the Moon

A

Psychedelic/experimental rock album
- Theme: things that drive us to madness (time, work, money)
- Also unified by: sounds (heart beat, ticking clock, cash register), musical style/mood

34
Q

Led Zeppelin

A

British Heavy Metal band (blues rock + psychedelic rock)
What set them apart?
- Guitar virtuoso: Jimmy Page
- Folk influences

35
Q

Stairway to Heaven (Led Zeppelin)

A

Juxtaposition of heavy metal and folk
- Music escalates like a stairway = MUSICAL DEVELOPMENT (rural acoustic → electric → sudden stop)
- AOR, but worse! (album had no title, labels)

36
Q

Cover Art of ‘Led Zeppelin 4’

A

Rustic wallpaper shreds away to reveal cityscape
Natural (folk) → artificial (electric)

37
Q

Miles Davis

A

Pioneer of jazz rock (rock instruments + virtuosic jazz performance)

38
Q

Bitches Brew

A

Jazz rock album by Miles Davis
- Ostinato (repeated bass pattern) = flexibility
- Not tonal (no place of rest, such as tonic chord)
***All over the place!

39
Q

Reasons Why Disco Opposed Rock

A
  1. No time for the thematic statements of concept albums → need to dance!
  2. Shift focus from performer to producer
40
Q

Creation of Disco

A

Singles expanded to fill one side of LP → multiple turntables allowed one record to play into the next without interruption
- Segue mixes (sequence of songs one after another)

41
Q

Saturday Night Fever

A

First instance of disco in the mainstream
- Working class Italian kid rises through the ranks to become a dance champ

42
Q

Love Unlimited Orchestra

A

40 piece backup band for the Love Unlimited Vocal Trio

43
Q

Disco Pioneers

A

Diana Ross, Donna Summer, Gloria Gaynor, Bee Gees, Village People

44
Q

Love’s Theme (Love Unlimited Orchestra)

A

Disco instrumental with full danceability
- Syncopated grove, guitar scratches
- String-dominant melody reminiscent of 60s soul

45
Q

Good Times (CHIC)

A

Disco with full danceability (constant tempo and beat, repetitive song form)
- Light, easy singalong lyrics
- Limited harmony (oscillates between 2 chords)

46
Q

Progressive Country (Genre)

A

Rebellion against the Nashville Sound (distinguished country from rock)
- Pushed boundary of country towards rock

47
Q

Willie Nelson

A

Pioneer of Progressive Country

48
Q

Outlaw

A

Country performer who appealed to audiences of country and rock
- Ex. Willie Nelson

49
Q

Willie Nelson’s Style

A

Country with rock (R&B) timbre; conversational voice

50
Q

Red Headed Stranger

A

Concept album by Willie Nelson
- Lady cheats on man, man hunts her down and kills her

51
Q

Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain (Willie Nelson)

A

Progressive country song containing both acoustic and electric instruments
- Vocals: dynamic, emotive

52
Q

Ska

A

Genre resulting from the combination of Jamaican Folk and American R&B
- Result: addition of brass and woodwind instruments to R&B ensembles

53
Q

Thorough Fare (Don Drummand & The Skatalites)

A

Quintessential ska; fast, steady rhythm which places trombone front and center

54
Q

Rastafarianism

A

Reinterpretation of the bible by which all African diaspora will return to Africa to reclaim the holy land

55
Q

Rock Steady (Alton Ellis)

A

Represents Ska + Rastafarian + Burru
- More mellow than Ska (sounds Reggae)

56
Q

Rude Boys

A

Social category of individuals in Jamaica who embodied counterculture

57
Q

Reggae

A

Rastafarianism + Rude Boys

58
Q

Characteristics of Reggae

A
  1. Slow tempo
  2. Polyrhythms
  3. Emphasis on back beat
  4. Themes of counterculture (social injustice, racism, etc)
59
Q

The Harder They Come (Jimmy Cliff)

A

Quintessential reggae (embodies all characteristics except slow tempo)
- Soundtrack to film of same name → begins reggae craze
***Identify using lyrics!

60
Q

Bob Marley

A

Reggae artist and Rastafarian ambassador
- Formed Wailers in early 60s; success in early 70s

61
Q

I Shot the Sheriff (Eric Clapton)

A

Mainstream rock sound
- No polyrhythms, weak back beat

62
Q

I Shot the Sheriff (Bob Marley)

A

More reggae influenced then Clapton version
- Polyrhythms prominent, strong back beat (heavy bass and percussion), high singing voice

MUSIC 103 (6 decks)

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