Midterm #2 (intelligence) Flashcards
Who were Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon?
First people to develop an intelligence test. They were asked by the French government to make a test to find out which children were mentally weak.
Who was William Stern?
The first person to give a quantifiable measure of intelligence (IQ).
What is ratio IQ? Is it a good measure of intelligence?
Ratio IQ = 100 x mental age/chronological age. Not a good measure of intelligence because intelligence eventually eves out as we age.
What is deviation IQ? Is it a good measure of intelligence?
Deviation IQ = 100 x (your test score/average test score of others your age). Is a better measure of intelligence.
Arthur Otis
Created the alpha and beta test to help the army figure out where to place all the men.
Alpha test: still exists today. An aptitude or written test
Beta test: Not dependent on literacy skills
David Wechsler
Thought intelligence had multiple types. He developed his own test. The tests average score was placed at 100.
Spearman’s two factor theory
G-factor: general abilities
S-factor: specific abilities
Cattell and Horns Theory
Crystalized intelligence: everything you have learned. tested through vocabulary and general knowledge
Fluid intelligence: independent of what you have learned. The ability to think on the spot in new situations.
Sternberg’s triarchic theory
Argued there is more to intelligence than G.
Analytical: logical thinking, book smarts, problem-solving…
Creative: going beyond what is given to deal effectively with a new situation
Practical: street smarts, ability to read people or motivate people
Gardner’s neuropsychological theory
Argued that there’s many types of intelligence, not just 2 or 3. intelligence can be realized or not.
C-H-C theory
most empirically correct theory. Has 1 general factor and 8 group factors and 69 specific factors
Psychometrics
the science of measuring mental capacity. Includes measurements of traits and attitudes.
Factor analysis
Looking at a large number of questions and grouping them accordingly. Uses stats.
Properties of a good intelligence test: Reliability
The ability to find the same result time after time
Reliability: Test retest?
Giving the same people the same test and getting the same answers
Reliability: Internal consistency?
questions within the same test should correlate
Reliability: Inter judge?
Two people who score the same test should give the same result
validity: content?
when the content covers the entire range of topics covered
Validity: construct?
The ability to measure what you really want to measure
Validity: criterion-related?
when scores on the IQ test correlate well with things
Is it impossible to have a test that is valid but not reliable?
Yes
what are the 3 properties of a good intelligence test?
Reliable
Valid
Unbiased
The stanford-binet 5
Collected based on norms. Deviation calculation. Produces 1 score with 4 sub scores
WAIS-IV
ages 16+. 2 overall scores, one for verbal, one for performance. Has 14 subparts.
Intellectually disabled
3-5% of people. IQ lower than 70.
Intellectually gifted
10% of people. IQ higher than 130.
Lower normal IQ range
71-100
Mid IQ range
50-70. Can live alone but needs help at times.
Moderate IQ range
35-50. can learn some basic skills but can only travel in familiar areas. Needs a caregiver
Severe IQ range
20-35. Needs constant supervision and can profit from help
Profound IQ range
<20. Cannot sit up, confined and needs 24/7 nursing care.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
If teachers are told one student is smarter, then they will unconsciously give that student more resources, therefore making them smarter.
The flynn effect
Shows that average intelligence has been increasing throughout the years
