MIDTERM 2: endocrine

Question 0

Hormones are transported throughout the circulatory system. Why do they only affect only specific tissues or cells
A) only the capillaries at the target will let the hormones out of the blood
B) only the target cells have receptors for the hormone
C) non target tissues catabolize or destroy the hormones
D) the hormones know where their targets are located

Answer 0

B) only the target cells have receptors for the hormone

Question 1

If two cells have the same hormone receptor, do they need to do the same thing when the hormone is present?
A) yes. Because the receptor is the same, the response must be the same
B) yes. Because the hormone is the same, the response must be the same
C) no. Different cells can have different downstream reactions to receptor stimulation

Answer 1

C) no. Different cells can have different downstream reactions to receptor stimulation

Question 2

Permissiveness

Answer 2

One hormone cannot exert it’s full effects without another hormone being present

Question 3

Synergism

Answer 3

More than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and combines effects are amplified

Question 4

Antagonism

Answer 4

One hormone opposes the action if another hormone

Question 5

_is the situation when one hormone cannot exert it's full effects without another hormone being present
A) synergism
B) antagonism
C) permissiveness
D) activism

Answer 5

C) permissiveness

Question 6

Osmoreceptors

Answer 6

Detect osmolarity of blood

Question 7

How does growth hormone deficiency effect a person?

Answer 7

Growth hormone deficiency in childhood causes pituitary dwarfism

Question 8

Would excess growth hormone during childhood and in adulthood have different effects?

Answer 8

Yes
Children-epiphyseal plates are still open, so long bones can grow
Adults-epiphyseal plates are closed, long bones cannot grow, even if hormone is present

Question 9

What would be some symptoms of hyperprolactinemia?

Answer 9

In appropriate lactation

Lack if menses, infertility in females, impotence in males, but symptoms are not understood

Question 10

What is the primary function. Of hormones?
A) alter cell activity
B) cause allergic reactions
C) influence metabolic activity of glands by electrochemical impulses
D) activate extracellular enzymes

Answer 10

A) alter cell activity

Question 11

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by
A) increasing the bas metabolic rate in the target organ
B) altering gene expression in the nuclear DNA
C) binging to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP
D) synthesizing more than one hormone at a time

Answer 11

C) binging to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP

Question 12

The magnification if the signal from a water-soluble hormone is achieved through an increase in_
A) plasma membrane receptors
B) cAMP in the cytoplasm
C) water-soluble hormone in the blood
D) adenylate Cyclades in the plasma membrane
E) phosphodiesterase in the cytoplasm

Answer 12

B) cAMP in the cytoplasm

Question 13

ADH_
A) increases urine production
B) promotes dehydration
C) is produced in the adenohypophysis
D) is inhibited by alcohol

Answer 13

D) is inhibited by alcohol

Question 14

Several hormones are synthesized bj the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the_
A) hepatic portal system
B) general circulatory system
C) hypophyseal portal system
D) feedback loop

Answer 14

C) hypophyseal portal system

Question 15

The neurophypophysis or posterior love of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because_
A) it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release
B) embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional
C) it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to it’s location
D) it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormone from the hypothalamus for release

Answer 15

D) it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormone from the hypothalamus for release

Question 16

The major targets of growing hormone are_
A) the blood vessels
B) the adrenal glands
C) the liver 
D) bones and skeletal muscles

Answer 16

D) bones and skeletal muscles

Question 17

Which if the following is not a steroid-based hormone?
A) estrogen
B) aldosterone
C) epinephrine
D) cortisone

Answer 17

C) epinephrine

Question 18

ACTH_
A) is secreted by the posterior pituitary
B) secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion
C) causes the release if hormones from the adrenal medulla
D) he not a tropic hormone

Answer 18

B) secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion

Question 19

In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells if the target organ. This is known as_
A) the cells sensitivity reaction 
B) cellular affinity
C) up-regulation
D) a reaction to a stressor

Answer 19

C) up-regulation

Question 20

A man had been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FAH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement
A) FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells, therefore it is not synthesized by males
B) the physician is wrong a hormone made in the adenohypophysis could not influence fertility
C) FSH stimulate sperm production in the testes

Answer 20

C) FSH stimulate sperm production in the testes