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Theory and Methods I > Midterm 2: Definitions > Flashcards

Midterm 2: Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

The far point of clear vision with accommodation relaxed

A

Punctum Remotum (PR)

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2
Q

Conjugate points are infinity and the retina. Therefore the PR is infinity.

A

Emmetropia

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3
Q

Conjugate points are inside infinity and the retina. Therefore and uncorrected _________ has an accommodative PR inside infinity.

A

Myope

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4
Q

Conjugate points are beyond infinity and the retina. A corrected __________ has an accommodative PR of beyond infinity (-).

A

Hyperope

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5
Q

the nearest of closest points of clear vision. This is determined performing Donder’s amplitude of accommodation measurement.

A

Punctum Proximum

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6
Q

The dioptric difference between the accommodative PR and PP.

A

Amplitude of Accommodation

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7
Q

Portion of accommodation present in absence of a stimulus; resting state of accommodation

A

Tonic Accommodation

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8
Q

Stimulation of accommodation caused simply by the nearness target.

A

Psychic Accommodation

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9
Q

Autonomic, non-volitional change in accommodation as a response to a blur

A

Reflex Accommodation

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10
Q

Range in accommodation due to chromatic abberation; change in accommodation can vary, depending on which color is focused on the retina

A

Aberrational Accommodation

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11
Q

a constant parasympathetic stimulation of accommodation, when there is no need for accommodation

A

Excessive Accommodation

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12
Q

the ciliary muscle is in a state of spasm

A

Spasm of Accommodation

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13
Q

prolonged, uniform spasm of accommodation

A

Tonic Spasm

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14
Q

alternate, intermittent spasm of accommodation

A

Clonic Spasm

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15
Q

accommodative amplitude below the limits of age level expected; usually found in young adults or premature presbyopes

A

Insufficient Accommodation

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16
Q

when a change in focus is needed by a patient, there is a delay in the accommodative system, making a change necessary for clear vision

A

Inertia of Accommodation

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17
Q

accommodation is non-functional due to drugs, infections, trauma, cogenital, etc.; the patient has near point blur and a dilated pupil

A

Paralysis of Accommodation

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18
Q

a drug, applied topically to the eye, which causes paralysis of accommodation and secondary pupil dilation

A

cycloplegic

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19
Q

the condition in which the refractive condition is the SAME for the two eyes

A

isometropia

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20
Q

the condition in which the refractive condition is NOT the same for two eyes

A

anisometropia

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21
Q

a specific type of anisometropia, where one eye is myopic and the other eye is hyperopic

A

antimetropia

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22
Q

a refractive condition other than emmetropia

A

ametropia

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23
Q

in refraction, the use of excessive plus power to place the retinal image in front of the retina, to prevent the patient from accommodating

A

fogging

24
Q

Superior Rectus (major action and innervation)

A

elevation; CN 3

25
Q

Inferior Rectus (major action and innervation)

A

depression; CN 3

26
Q

Medial Rectus (major action and innervation)

A

adduction; CN 3

27
Q

Lateral Rectus (major action and innervation)

A

abduction; CN 6

28
Q

Superior Oblique (major action and innervation)

A

depression; CN 4

29
Q

Inferior Oblique (major action and innervation)

A

elevation; CN 3

30
Q

the function, whereby the eyes turn in to maintain single vision

A

convergence

31
Q

total amount of turning in of two eyes to fixate at a distance

A

fusion-meter angles

32
Q

1 cm deviation of light at 1 meter

A

prism diopter

33
Q

distance between the two eyes

A

interpupillary distance (PD)

34
Q

to determine the prism diopter stimulus to converge

A

amplitude of convergence

35
Q

formula for amplitude of convergence

A

(reciprocal of the distance) X (PD) = amp. of convergence

36
Q

movement of the line of sight of one eye toward the body’s midline

A

adduction

37
Q

movement of the line of sight of one eye away from the body’s midline

A

abduction

38
Q

movement of the line of sight of one eye above the straight ahead position

A

supraduction

39
Q

movement of the line of sight of one eye below the straight ahead position

A

infraduction

40
Q

parallel movement to the right

A

dextroversion

41
Q

parallel movement to the left

A

levoversion

42
Q

parallel movement to the upward

A

supraversion

43
Q

parallel movement to the downward

A

infraversion

44
Q

movement of lines of sight toward’s the body’s midline, or towards each other

A

convergence

45
Q

movement of lines of sight away from the body’s midline, or away from each other

A

divergence

46
Q

convergence movement with no associated change in accommodation

A

fusional vergence

47
Q

the lines of sight meet at the same point, after any tendency has been overcome

A

phorias

48
Q

the two eyes converge directly on the target, with no tendency to turn in or our, up or down

A

orthophoria

49
Q

the tendency of the two eyes to turn out for the target; this tendency is overcome by positive fusional vergence (PFV)

A

exophoria

50
Q

the tendency of the two eyes to turn in for the target; this tendency is overcome by negative fusional vergence (NFV)

A

esophoria

51
Q

the tendency of one eye to look above the other; this tendency is overcome by vertical fusional vergence

A

hyperphoria

52
Q

the tendency of one eye to look below the other; this tendency is overcome by vertical fusional vergence

A

hypophoria

53
Q

a deviation of one eye relative to the other; also called tropia, squint

A

strabismus

54
Q

the deviation of one eye out

A

exotropia

55
Q

the deviation of one eye in

A

esotropia

56
Q

the deviation of one eye up

A

hypertropia

57
Q

the deviation of one eye down

A

hypotropia

Theory and Methods I (1 decks)

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