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SWRK 2100 - Social Work and Diversity > Midterm 2 - Chapters 9, 11, 13, 14 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 - Chapters 9, 11, 13, 14 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Canadian Immigration Services formed?

A

1820

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2
Q

When was the Immigration Act formed?

A

1952

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3
Q

When was racial discrimination eliminated from the immigration policy?

A

In 1962

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4
Q

Up until ____, only Europeans were allowed to bring their families.

A

1966

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5
Q

When was the Department of Manpower and Immigration formed, which merged with employment.

A

It was formed in 1966.

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6
Q

When was the point system developed?

A

In 1967

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7
Q

What is acculturation?

A

Acculturation is rooted in sociology and looks at patterns of behaviour, types of relationships, and psychological change as a result of two cultures connecting. It attempts to describe change and modification.

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8
Q

Acculturation was initially seen as the _____ of the individual

A

pathology

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9
Q

What are the three perspectives of acculturation, according to Marin and Gamba?

A

Assimilation, integration, and rejection

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10
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Assimilation is moving towards a host culture

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11
Q

What is integration?

A

Integration is the merging of both cultures

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12
Q

What is rejection?

A

Rejection is moving away from a host culture

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13
Q

What are structural influences?

A

Financial and employment instability, social power/status, parental changes, changes within the extended family.

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14
Q

What are the 4 Immigration Parent Tendencies?

A

Unified-restorative, Abandoned-provincial, Partitioned-austere, and Deprecated-detached

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15
Q

Social work was initially linked to _______ practices.

A

religious

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16
Q

When was the Canadian Association for Spirituality and Social Work formed?

A

In 2001

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17
Q

The majority of definitions are rooted in the work of Canda (1988) who incorporated 5 perspectives including:

A

Zen Buddhism, Christianity, Existentialism, Judaism, and Shamanism

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18
Q

Religion generally includes _______ and ________ relationships, beliefs, and practices.

A

Individual and collective

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19
Q

What is transpersonal theory?

A

Transpersonal theory is outlined as the language and development of one’s spiritual self

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20
Q

What is mindfulness? (Lecture)

A

Mindfulness is the practice of purposefully paying attention using non-judgemental awareness.

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21
Q

What is mindfulness? (Textbook)

A

Mindfulness is an activity that encourages awareness to emerge through paying attention to purpose, non judgementally, and in the present moment. It is a histolic philosophy and practice that has to do with examining who we are, questioning our view of the world and our place in it, and cultivating an appreciation for the fullness of each of life’s moments.

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22
Q

What is a physical disability?

A

An impairment in a person’s body structure or function

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23
Q

What is a mental disability?

A

A mental disorder is characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behaviour. It is usually associated with distress or impairment in important areas of functioning

24
Q

What is spirituality?

A

Spirituality is understood to include ‘one’s search for life purpose and meaning, and connection with self, others, the universe, and a self-defined higher power; either with or without a particular faith orientation’

25
Q

What do Canda and Furman define spirituality as?

A

“A universal quality of human beings and their cultures related to the quest for meaning, purpose, morality, transcendence, well-being, and profound relationships with ourselves, others, and ultimately, reality”

26
Q

What is religion?

A

Religion is generally understood to comprise both individual and collective relationships, belief systems and practices. It is a faith-based system of worship and belief that typically involves interpersonal relationships, ritualized practices, and shared worldviews

27
Q

What is smudging?

A

Smudging is traditionally a ceremony for purifying or cleansing the soul of negative thoughts of a person or place.

28
Q

What are the 4 elements involved in a smudge?

A
  1. The container, 2. The four sacred plants (cedar, sage, sweetgrass, tobacco), 3. The fire produced from lighting the plants, 4. The smoke
29
Q

What are sweat lodges?

A

Sweat lodges are heated dome-shaped structures used by Indigenous peoples during certain purification rites and as a way to promote healthy living

30
Q

What are powwows?

A

Powwows are gatherings of Indigenous peoples in which they sing, dance, and reconnect with old friends and celebrate their rich ancestral histories.

31
Q

What is meant by the term sex (in a biological context)

A

Sex is usually characterized as female or male but there is a variation in the biological attributes

32
Q

What is gender?

A

Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions, and identities of girls, women, boys, men, and gender-diverse people

33
Q

What is post-traumatic growth?

A

Post-traumatic growth is when people can grow from their traumatic experiences, not just return to their prior levels of functioning

34
Q

What is hegemonic masculinity?

A

In Western society, hegemonic masculinity typefies a White, heterosexual, and professional male who has characteristics of authority, competition, independence, control, aggressiveness, and the capacity for violence

35
Q

What is intersectionality?

A

Originating from Black Feminist Kimberle Crenshaw, intersectionality argues that the oppressive condition challenging women of colour who live in poverty cannot be reduced to either their race, gender or class. Instead, these three social categories intersect and work together to produce injustice.

This idea has been expanded to understand the marginalized condition of people who experience oppression because of their disability, sexual orientation, immigrant status, or other.

36
Q

What are the two main constructs to come out of biological theories? Explain them

A
  1. Dichotomy: one or the other (male or female), 2. Difference: opposite characteristics (what is male cannot be female)
37
Q

Explain meaning making

A

Meaning-making is strongly related to coping in the sense that it attempts to allow someone to make sense of their life experiences. This can include developing an understanding of why something has occurred and using this understanding to make peace with a situation, accept it, or deal with it.

The phrase “everything happens for a reason” is an example of one way to make meaning of events, although a person has to be able to know what the ‘reason’ is

38
Q

What is acculturation?

A

Acculturation is the process of cultural and psychological change that results after a meeting between cultures. Individuals may show the effects of acculturation through changes in their environments.

39
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Assimilation is a process by which a person or persons acquires the cultures, values, and patterns of another group through adopting the social and psychological characteristics of that group

40
Q

What is marginalization?

A

Marginalization is a form of oppression in which disadvantaged people are isolated from useful participation in the socio-economic system and even potentially leaves them in extreme poverty.

41
Q

What is integration?

A

Integration is a concept of acculturation that is the process of unifying distinctive groups or individuals through full participation in the social, economic, political, educational, and cultural life of society while retaining one’s own unique identity.

42
Q

Explain the social model of disability?

A

The social model of disability was created in the 60s and 70s. It views people with disabilities as marginalized and oppressed and blames the environment for creating disabling conditions, rather than the person. It believes that social policy can address and alleviate these restrictions in society.

43
Q

Explain the medical model of disability

A

The medical model views a person with a disability as having a condition or deficit that is unwanted. It has been criticized as problematic because it judges the person with a disability as being sick on the basis of their ability to function as a normal person does

44
Q

Explain the independent living model

A

The ILM is a model that regards the person with a disability as a responsible decision-maker who is capable of managing their own care requirements, indicating a philosophy that people with disabilities should have the same rights and choices as people without disabilities

45
Q

What was the role of the Canadian Paraplegic Association with the Independent Living Model?

A

The Canadian Paraplegic Association helped pioneer the ILM, and focused on taking a role in the management of services

46
Q

What is the Canadian Association of Independent Living Centres (CAILC)?

A

The CAILC consists of 24 local and autonomous living resoure centres that focus on self-advocacy

47
Q

What is the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)?

A

The AODA is a law that sets out a process for developing and enforcing accessibility standards. People with disabilities and industry representatives work together with the government to develop the standards

48
Q

What is the gender binary?

A

The gender binary is a socially constructed concept that classifies gender into two distinct opposite forms: masculine and feminine

49
Q

What is gender expression?

A

Gender expression is the external display of one’s gender. (how one presents themselves to the world)

50
Q

What is gender identity?

A

Gender identity is the internal perception of one’s gender (what is on the inside)

51
Q

What is gender fluidity?

A

Gender fluidity is when a persons gender fluctuates over time - not constant

52
Q

What is universal instructional design?

A

UID is an educational process that creates learning environments and teaching strategies that are usable by the greatest diversity of students.

The potential needs of all learners are identified and unnecessary barriers to learning are removed, normalizing student diversity and decreasing the need for accommodation.

53
Q

What is the connection between spirituality and social justice?

A

Spirituality and anti-oppressive practices are not on opposite spectrums. You do not need to abandon other approaches to include a spiritual lens

54
Q

What are the principles of solidarity and the protection of human rights (3)?

A
  1. Sustainability, 2. Wisdom gained through experience and knowledge, 3. Holistic spirituality which is integrated into daily life
55
Q

What is the Canadian Association for Community Living?

A

The Canadian Association for Community Living was developed by mothers looking to advocate for their children’s needs including group homes, education and employment preparation and training.

SWRK 2100 - Social Work and Diversity (1 decks)

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