Midterm 2, Chapman's class Flashcards
The Image on the left represents a ______ type of single disassociation, where it is _____ on Task A, and ______on Task B.
Classical; impaired; tasked
The Image on the right represents a ______ type of single disassociation, where it has a greater ______ on ___ than ___.
Strong; greater impairment on A than B
What is the task resource artifact?
If one task uses more of the same mental/neural resources than the other, than damage to this resource damages one task more than the other.
What is the task demand artifact?
Poor performance because of sub-optimal strategy
What is a double disassociation?
Two complementary cases with opposite strengths and weaknesses
Two tasks/stimuli use different cognitive resources
What are the major assumptions for inferring cognitive function based on single case studies?
Fractionation assumption: damage to the brain can cause selective cognitive lesions
Transparency assumption: Lesions affect more than one part of the system, but doesn’t result in an all new system
Universality assumption: All cognitive systems are essentially identical among all individuals
Evaluate the fractionation assumption.
It depends on the cytoarchitecture, but appears to hold true
Does the transparency assumption hold true?
This may not hold true when brain recovers after brain damage.
It depends on whether a new cognitive system is made or an old is restored.
Does the universality assumption hold true?
It holds true over a general population, but individual differences can skew the data.
Which of the following is the best definition of a double association?
a. A patient is impaired on tasks A and B
b. A patient is impaired on task A but not B
c. A patient is impaired on task B but not A
d. One patient is impaired on A but not B, and another patient is impaired on B but not A.
d.One patient is impaired on A but not B, and another patient is impaired on B but not A.
The animals are good for ______ designed experiments
Before and after
Rats with a ____ lesion failed to learn the location of a submerged platform.
Hippocampus (place cells in human hippocampus)
Why does making neurons fire act as a lesion?
One task performed->Normal performance
Two tasks performed->Each normal performance
Two other different tasks performed->Both decrease in rates of task completion, which means that the two tasks share cognitive processes. TMS acts like a “task”, while doing another task, which makes it similar to doing two tasks at same time using same region. Due to decrease in task rate-> considered “lesion”
Benefits of TMS?
- Participant acts as their own “control” (tested with and without stimulation)
- Small focal areas (like, mad small and specific, and, like, detailed, man)
Downsides of TMS?
- Can’t use on subcortical structures
- Very small chance, but seizure may be possible
