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KIN 473 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal Cord Syndromes
•Can include motor loss, sensory loss, or both!
–Depends on areas affected by injury!

A

Transverse cord lesion
Central cord syndrome (small lesion)
Posterior cord syndrome
Anterior CIRS sundrom

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2
Q

Transverse cord lesion

- complete spinal section

A

LMN symptoms
at level of lesion

Causes:
Trauma, Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis

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3
Q

vestibular nuclei

A

F

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4
Q

semicircular canals

A

detect angular accel- eration around three orthogonal axes. The spatial orientation of 3 canal is like the bodybuilder in 3 poses

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5
Q

ampullae

A

C

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6
Q

cupula

A

mechanoreceptor cilia of hair cells are embedded here

endolymph flow through the ampullae deforms the gelatinous cupula

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7
Q

crista ampullaris

A

The ridge where the mechanoreceptor cilia hair cells are embedded in cupula located within each ampulla

Detects ANGULAR ACCELERATION
🌪🌪🌪

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8
Q

The hair cells activate terminals of bipolar primary sensory neurons that have their cell bodies in the ___________ _________ ___ _________ and send axons into the ___________ _________

A

vestibular ganglia of Scarpa

vestibular nerves

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9
Q

maculae

A

structures in the utricle and saccule that resemble the cristae ampullaris
rather than angular acceleration, they detect LINEAR acceleration and head TILT
🙇🏻‍♀️🙇🏻‍♀️🙇🏻‍♀️
Contain otoliths

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10
Q

otoliths

A

calcified crystals sitting on a gelatinous layer within which mechanoreceptor hair cells are embedded. On maculea (like ridges)
Gravity or other causes of linear acceleration pull on the crystals and activate these hair cell

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11
Q

LINEAR acceleration and head TILT is detected by

A

otoliths on maculae

Gravity or other causes of linear acceleration pull on the otoliths (calcified crystals) sitting on a gelatinous layer within which mechanoreceptor hair cells embedded on the maculae become activated

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12
Q

How is ANGULAR ACCELERATION detected?

A

Lol idk

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13
Q

superior vestibular ganglion (SVN) receives input from

A

the utricle, anterior saccule, and anterior and lateral semicircular canals.

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14
Q

The inferior vestibular ganglion (IVN) receives input from

A

the posterior saccule and posterior semicircular canal.

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15
Q

vestibular division of CN VIII to the vestibular nuclei.

A

Superior
Inferior
Medial
Lateral

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16
Q

Where are the four vestibular nuclei located?

A

on each side of the brainstem, lying on the lateral floor of the fourth ventricle in the pons and rostral medulla

17
Q

Sensory disorders

A

Herpes Zoster (‘Shingles’)

Tabes Dorsalis

18
Q

Herpes Zoster (‘Shingles’)

A

chicken-pox virus can lie dormant in dorsal root ganglions

–re-emergence of virus grows down sensory nerve

–Allodynia and parasthesias along dermatomes

19
Q

Tabes Dorsalis

A

Slow degeneration of the dorsal columns, dorsal roots and ganglia of the spinal cord (typically lumbar region)

  • Late symptoms of untreated Syphilis (10-30 years*)
  • Proprioceptive loss, parasthesias, allodynia
  • Tabetic Gait
20
Q

Causes of transverse cord lesion / complete spinal section

A

Trauma, Tumors

Multiple Sclerosis

21
Q

Causes of Central cord syndrome

A

Syringomyelia
(fluid-filled cavity in spinal cord)
Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis

22
Q

Syringomyelia

A

D

23
Q

Posterior cord syndrome

A

G

24
Q

Anterior cord syndrome

A

D

25
Q

Hemicord lesion

A

D

26
Q

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A

H

27
Q

Spinal cord structures

A 
Lateral corticospinal tract (UMN)
Anterior horn cells (LMN)
Anterior lateral pathways 
Posterior columns
Ventral commissure
28
Q

Damage to the Lateral corticospinal tract (UMN) causes

A

UMN Symptoms

29
Q

Damage to the Anterior horn cells causes

A

Lower motor neuron symptoms

30
Q

Damage to the Anterior lateral pathways causes

A

Pain and temperature sense loss

31
Q

Damage to the Posterior columns causes

A

Vibration and position sense loss

32
Q

Causes of Anterior lateral pathways damage

A

Trauma
Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis
Infarct

33
Q

Cause of posterior cord syndrome

A 
Trauma
Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis
Vit B12 Deficiency
Tabes Dorsalis
34
Q

Causes of anterior cord syndrome

A

Trauma
Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis
Infarct

KIN 473 (4 decks)

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