Midterm 2 Flashcards
Spinal Cord Syndromes
•Can include motor loss, sensory loss, or both!
–Depends on areas affected by injury!
Transverse cord lesion
Central cord syndrome (small lesion)
Posterior cord syndrome
Anterior CIRS sundrom
Transverse cord lesion
- complete spinal section
LMN symptoms
at level of lesion
Causes:
Trauma, Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis
vestibular nuclei
F
semicircular canals
detect angular accel- eration around three orthogonal axes. The spatial orientation of 3 canal is like the bodybuilder in 3 poses
ampullae
C
cupula
mechanoreceptor cilia of hair cells are embedded here
endolymph flow through the ampullae deforms the gelatinous cupula
crista ampullaris
The ridge where the mechanoreceptor cilia hair cells are embedded in cupula located within each ampulla
Detects ANGULAR ACCELERATION
🌪🌪🌪
The hair cells activate terminals of bipolar primary sensory neurons that have their cell bodies in the ___________ _________ ___ _________ and send axons into the ___________ _________
vestibular ganglia of Scarpa
vestibular nerves
maculae
structures in the utricle and saccule that resemble the cristae ampullaris
rather than angular acceleration, they detect LINEAR acceleration and head TILT
🙇🏻♀️🙇🏻♀️🙇🏻♀️
Contain otoliths
otoliths
calcified crystals sitting on a gelatinous layer within which mechanoreceptor hair cells are embedded. On maculea (like ridges)
Gravity or other causes of linear acceleration pull on the crystals and activate these hair cell
LINEAR acceleration and head TILT is detected by
otoliths on maculae
Gravity or other causes of linear acceleration pull on the otoliths (calcified crystals) sitting on a gelatinous layer within which mechanoreceptor hair cells embedded on the maculae become activated
How is ANGULAR ACCELERATION detected?
Lol idk
superior vestibular ganglion (SVN) receives input from
the utricle, anterior saccule, and anterior and lateral semicircular canals.
The inferior vestibular ganglion (IVN) receives input from
the posterior saccule and posterior semicircular canal.
vestibular division of CN VIII to the vestibular nuclei.
Superior
Inferior
Medial
Lateral
Where are the four vestibular nuclei located?
on each side of the brainstem, lying on the lateral floor of the fourth ventricle in the pons and rostral medulla
Sensory disorders
Herpes Zoster (‘Shingles’)
Tabes Dorsalis
Herpes Zoster (‘Shingles’)
chicken-pox virus can lie dormant in dorsal root ganglions
–re-emergence of virus grows down sensory nerve
–Allodynia and parasthesias along dermatomes
Tabes Dorsalis
Slow degeneration of the dorsal columns, dorsal roots and ganglia of the spinal cord (typically lumbar region)
- Late symptoms of untreated Syphilis (10-30 years*)
- Proprioceptive loss, parasthesias, allodynia
- Tabetic Gait
Causes of transverse cord lesion / complete spinal section
Trauma, Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis
Causes of Central cord syndrome
Syringomyelia
(fluid-filled cavity in spinal cord)
Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis
Syringomyelia
D
Posterior cord syndrome
G
Anterior cord syndrome
D
Hemicord lesion
D
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
H
Spinal cord structures
Lateral corticospinal tract (UMN) Anterior horn cells (LMN) Anterior lateral pathways Posterior columns Ventral commissure
Damage to the Lateral corticospinal tract (UMN) causes
UMN Symptoms
Damage to the Anterior horn cells causes
Lower motor neuron symptoms
Damage to the Anterior lateral pathways causes
Pain and temperature sense loss
Damage to the Posterior columns causes
Vibration and position sense loss
Causes of Anterior lateral pathways damage
Trauma
Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis
Infarct
Cause of posterior cord syndrome
Trauma Tumors Multiple Sclerosis Vit B12 Deficiency Tabes Dorsalis
Causes of anterior cord syndrome
Trauma
Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis
Infarct
