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Canadian Sport History 2263 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Jack Johnson

A

First black heavy-weight champions, he was born in Texas. Started fighting at 13 and professionally at 16 years

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2
Q

Jack Johnson’s unique fighting quality

A

He was the first fighter who thought about self-preservation when he entered the ring (he fought for 3 decades and yet still didn’t appear as a professional fighter - didn’t have the injuries that normally existed after this many opponents)

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3
Q

Jack Johnson’s unique fighting quality vs. other peoples

A

While Johnson focused on self-preservation, other fighters would literally hit their opponents with their face

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4
Q

By 1906 / 1907 there was __ white heavy champions

A

5

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5
Q

The public’s reaction to Johnson

A

The public did not want a black champion, difficult to even get a fight to try to win champion for Johnson because the government placed laws to against him to keep the title white. The public was arrogant and racist with their responses to Johnson’s win

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6
Q

Who did Johnson chase to fight to try to get the title?

A

Johnson chased Tommy Burns around the world to try to find him and fight him for the title. Wanted so desperately to fight him so he followed him everywhere and finally found him in Australia after 3 years search

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7
Q

Tommy Burns

A

White Canadian from Ontario

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8
Q

Johnson challenged …

A

3 men who previously held the title, all white, including Hart, Jeffries and Burns

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9
Q

Why did Byrnes finally fight Johnson?

A

A newspaper wrote that Johnson was Burns’s master and this paired with public arousal caused Burns to get mad and annoyed and finally said yes to a fight

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10
Q

When did Johnson become heavy weight champion?

A

1908

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11
Q

Great White Hope

A

Trying to get white fighters to win back the title from Johnson

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12
Q

Johnson’s fight with Ketchel

A

Johnson fought against Stanley Ketchel to defend his title in the hope that Ketchel who was a white American would win the title back (Ketchel was a middle weight though therefore quite a bit smaller), the idea was that they would fight 20 rounds and was in agreement that is was more casual and Johnson could win but then Kretchel threw a punch that could have knocked Johnson out and Johnson decided he didn’t want to be a part of agreement anymore and knocked Ketchel out with a mean right upper cut that knocked a lot of his teeth out

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13
Q

Tex Richard

A

A gambler who wanted to fund a fight between Johnson and James Jeffries (white ex-champion) (he denied Johnson a fight earlier in the years), 45 rounds, Johnson won in 1910

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14
Q

The reaction to Johnson’s and Jeffries fight

A

Outbreak of racial fights as the public was mad that a black man kept winning (race riots). Johnson was victimized by the government as they put laws up to make it illegal to put the video of the fight into public view

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15
Q

Representation of the last of the white hope

A

Flynn fought Johnson after 2 years off and still lost

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16
Q

Flynn and Johnson’s fight

A

Difficulty getting filming for the fight because it had been so long since Johnson had fought, 2 years and Johnson was out of shape and the white fighter wasn’t that highly viewed. Flynn tries to use his head as a weapon and jump up to head butt Johnson because he is so exhausted during the fight but the referee was mad. Johnson wins because of police intervention

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17
Q

Johnson and jail

A

Went to jail initially because he took a white woman over several borders that he was with. Then he married another white woman and again went to jail as inter-racial marriages were illegal. Third time after fight with Willard

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18
Q

Johnson’s finally defeated

A

Johnson fought Willard years later (he was one of the white hopes as well) in 1915 - with promises of money and government safety after the fight Johnson finally lost

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19
Q

Johnson after the fight with Willard

A

Johnson returned to Europe and he told the public that it was all a scam and that he was paid to drop and lose, few believed him

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20
Q

Last fight ..

A

Johnson fought Jeanette for raising funds when Johnson was 65 years old (now recognized as the best heavy-weight champion)

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21
Q

Johnson’s death

A

Dies in a car crash

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22
Q

Canada’s role in producing black boxers

A

Canada has actually had a large role in producing black boxers who paved the way for black boxers to be included against adversity in the world

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23
Q

George Dixon

A

Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1870. The first black champion in any spot, he was the World Bantamweight Champion (1890)

24
Q

When did George Dixon win Featherweight champion?

A

3-time Featherweight champion in 1891, 1897 and 1898

25
Q

George Dixon’s death

A

Died penniless and alone in New York City in 1908

26
Q

Bear-knuckle boxing

A

May have had 65 rounds but it ended whenever someone hit the ground, so could last like 10-seconds

27
Q

George Dixon’s type of boxing

A

Was not bear-knuckle boxing, more like the boxing we see today with each round around 3-minutes and therefore was 65 rounds still - gruelling sport

28
Q

George Dixon’s later life

A

Got to a very low point with very little money and happiness even with his once fame. People didn’t really know what happened to him for a long time

29
Q

George Dixon’s first boxing match

A

Potentially in Halifax but no actual evidence of this

30
Q

George Dixon - migration

A

He migrated down to New England from Halifax - common for black boxers to do this (as well as nurses) because Nova Scotia was far more racist than Boston, Massachusetts, looking for a better life. Boston was pretty involved in anti-racism at this point

31
Q

George Dixon’s legacy

A

Canadian icon, but rarely actually included in textbooks (several boxers that really broke down barriers in the world and yet not really recognized)

32
Q

Sam Langford

A

Born in Weymouth Falls, Nova Scotia in 1883. He was abused as a child and ran away from home. His manager recognized his talent when Sam volunteered to fight someone when they needed someone for a boxing match and he won (no previous experience at all, natural talent)

33
Q

Sam Langford’s nicknames

A

Known by the racist nickname “Boston Tar Baby”, sometimes named Boston Terror but the other nickname was really what he was known as, more representative of the time.

34
Q

Sam Langford’s boxing record

A

178-29-39 (he couldn’t really do much else so he just kept boxing, wins, loses, ties)

35
Q

Langford and Johnson

A

Langford wanted to fight Johnson, followed him everywhere but Johnson didn’t want to fight any other black man because he was the only black man who should get the title in his mind. Langford said he would even do it in private so no one else would see him lose

36
Q

Langford and Johnson’s fight

A

Fought in 1906 (before Johnson won the title) and Langford lost after 15 rounds

37
Q

Langford’s size

A

Very small for heavyweight

38
Q

Langford’s death

A

Went blind and died in 1956 in Cambridge Massachusetts

39
Q

Langford’s career

A

Never given the shot at the championship of the world, but did win the World “Coloured” Championship, Mexican, French, Australian, British, British Empire and Canadian championships - he travelled the world to get different titles when Johnson refused to fight him

40
Q

Langford declared World Champion by …

A

The French but this didn’t mean much

41
Q

Langford’s loses

A

Some of his loses may have been for survival reasons or to help out opponents because the winner often got a bigger pay check and so they would decide before the fight who would win and help each other out

42
Q

Langford’s reputation

A

Respected because he did not rock the boat and he helped out fellow black boxers

43
Q

Noah Brusso aka

A

Tommy Burns

44
Q

Tommy Burns

A

Born in 1881 in Hanover Ontario, he is white

45
Q

Tommy Burns - controversial rise to prominent

A

Won the vacant title against Marvin Hart after Jim Jeffries retired

46
Q

Burns and Johnson

A

Burns was the first one to fight Johnson after he won his championship title and was the first white man to lose against Johnson

47
Q

Burn’s athletic past

A

He originally played lacrosse so he was quite small and more lean

48
Q

Burn’s refusal

A

Refused Johnson and Langford then finally gave it and gave a statement of how he would fight anyone of any race

49
Q

Johnson was mocked for …

A

His defensive boxing strategy

50
Q

Why did the police get involved in Burn’s and Johnson’s fight

A

Worry that Johnson was actually going to kill him because Burns couldn’t drop because he was worried about his reputation in letting down the white hope and also Johnson was so much larger than him he wouldn’t even let Burns drop down to his knee and lose (so they got the police involved to finish it)

51
Q

Luther McCarty

A

One of many “great white hopes” during the Johnson era. He was trained to fight Johnson and become a white victor

52
Q

Luther McCarty’s death

A

Died in 1913 in the ring in Calgary by Arthur Pelkey of Chatham, Ontario

53
Q

Who funded the fight between McCarty and Pelkey?

A

Burns - he realizes there is quite a bit of money in the white hope business and especially advertising this so he took on McCarty to train him and fund the match

54
Q

Public’s view of boxing related to Luther’s death

A

Canada had to come to terms with what boxing was as people started dying during matches with the violence of the sport. Debate over what constituted a prize fight - just because you pay someone doesn’t make it a prize fight

55
Q

Investigation of McCarty’s death

A

There was an investigation and they there had to be a previous injury and the punch just worsened the previous injury to cause the death (said it was because McCarty liked to horseback ride and probably got an injury from there)

No one was ever convicted for this murder for really any murder related to boxing (unless it was bear-knuckle boxing)

56
Q

Al Hogan

A

White hope champion, related to our professor. This is in the 1950s in Canada, still have white hope competitions this late in Canada still to de-throne Joe Lewis (first black champion after Jack Johnson, after Lewis beat the Cinderella boxer)

They even were using Joe Lewis as a tool to recruit people into the military at this point, but behind his back trying to de-throne him through the white hope movement

Canadian Sport History 2263 (1 decks)

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