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Classical Studies > midterm 2 > Flashcards

midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Aeschines

A
  • Greek statesman
  • classical period
  • wrote the speech Against Timarchus, which was a speech against Timarchus accusing him of prostituting himself and wasting his inheritance, thus not making fit to be in office
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2
Q

Aeschylus

A
  • ancient Greek tragedian
  • classical period
  • wrote Myrmidons saying that in the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus, Achilles is the erostes
  • wrote play Agamemnon
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3
Q

Agamemnon

A
  • son of Atreus
  • king of Mycenae
  • supreme commander of Greek army at Troy
  • brother of Menelaus
  • husband of Clytemnestra
  • father of Iphigeneia
  • murdered by Clytemnestra and her lover
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4
Q

Agamemnon (play)

A
  • by Aeschylus
  • classical period
  • describes the homecoming of Agamemnon from the Trojan War and his return to his home and wife who has been planning his murder
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5
Q

Ajax

A
  • Achaean
  • son of Telamon
  • commander of the contingent from Salamis, -
  • brother of Teucer
  • second greatest warrior of Greece but lost out to Odysseus in the competition for the arms of Achilles after the latter’s death
  • he killed himself
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6
Q

Andromache

A
  • daughter of Eetion
  • wife of Hector
  • princess of Troy
  • mother of Astyanax
  • after the war, the slave concubine of Neoptolemus and mother of a child with him
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7
Q

Artemis

A
  • daughter of Zeus and Leto
  • twin sister of Apollo
  • goddess of the hunt, childbirth, and virginity
  • in some versions she takes Iphigeneia away and puts a deer in her place
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8
Q

Astyanax

A
  • infant son of Hector and Andromache

- Odysseus ordered he be hurled from the walls of Troy when the Greeks sacked the city

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9
Q

Briseis

A
  • daughter of Briseus
  • taken captive by the Greeks in their raids on the Trojan countryside
  • given as a war prize to Achilles
  • when Achilles defied him, Agamemnon confiscated her as a punishment
  • returned to him after Patroclus’ death
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10
Q

Cassandra

A
  • daughter of Priam and Hecuba
  • princess of Troy
  • inspired prophetess of Apollo
  • when Troy was captured she sought refuge at the Tempe of Athena but was raped by Ajax
  • after the war she was brought home by Agamemnon as his concubine
  • murdered by Clytemnestra
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11
Q

Chryseis

A
  • daughter of Chryses
  • captive of Agamemnon
  • when her father came to retrieve her, Agamemnon refused and insulted him, leading to her father calling upon Apollo to send a plague to punish the Greek army
  • Achilles publicly urged Agamemnon to return Chryseis to stop the plague
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12
Q

Cleopatra

A
  • daughter of Idas and Marpessa
  • called Halcyon by her parents
  • wife of Meleager
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13
Q

Clytemnestra

A
  • wife of Agamemnon
  • Queen of Mycenae
  • kills Agamemnon
  • mother of Iphigeneia and Orestes
  • killed by Orestes
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14
Q

Erastes

A
  • lover
  • an older adult male in a homosexual relationship with an adolescent boy
  • protector and guardian of the eromenos
  • dominant partner
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15
Q

Eromenos

A
  • beloved
  • an adolescent boy in a homosexual relationship with an older male
  • beardless
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16
Q

Euripides

A
  • Greek tragedian
  • wrote plays in Athens during the classical period
  • wrote Helen, The Trojan Women, and Iphigeneia at Aulis
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17
Q

Ganymede

A
  • a beautiful Trojan Prince

- abducted by Zeus to serve as his cupbearer on Olympus

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18
Q

Hecuba

A
  • queen of Troy
  • wife of Priam
  • mother of Hector, Paris, Cassandra, and Polyxena
  • given to Odysseus to be his slave after the fall of Troy
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19
Q

Helen

A
  • daughter of Zeus (or Tyndareus) and Leda
  • wife of Menelaus
  • queen of Sparta
  • her elopement with Paris caused the Trojan War according to some texts
  • in others she was never physically present at Troy during the war
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20
Q

Iphigeneia at Aulis

A
  • classical period
  • play by Euripides
  • eldest daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra
  • when adverse winds blocked the Greek fleet at Aulis from sailing to Troy, she was sacrificed to Artemis there by her father
  • in some versions Artemis spirited her away and put a deer in her place
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21
Q

Islands of the Blessed

A

A legendary, utopian island where a few heroes enjoyed a blissful life after death

22
Q

Judgment of Paris

A
  • contest between Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite for the prize to be named the most beautiful
  • occurred at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, -Paris was the judge and chose the winner to be Aphrodite in exchange for union with Helen
  • known as one of the events that led to the Trojan War
23
Q

Laocoon

A
  • a Trojan priest who tried to warn the Trojans against accepting the wooden horse from the Greeks
  • Athena sent her sea-serpents to strangle Laocoon and his sons
  • a monument that was made during the Hellenistic period
24
Q

Lucian

A
  • imperial period
  • Greek- speaking Syrian satirist in the cosmopolitan and diverse Roman Empire
  • wrote A True History
25
Q

Madeline Miller

A
  • contemporary writer

- wrote The Song of Achilles

26
Q

Maenad

A

A female worshipper of Dionysus

27
Q

Meleager

A
  • son of Oeneus and Althaea
  • prince of Aetolians in Calydon
  • husband of Cleopatra
  • killed by his mom
28
Q

Melian Dialogue

A
  • a dramatic set-piece debate in the History of the Peloponnesian War
  • by Thucydides
  • his account of the 27- year long struggle between the powerful Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta
29
Q

Menelaos (Menelaus)

A
  • son of Atreus
  • brother of Agamemnon
  • king of Sparta
  • husband of Helen
  • father of Hermione
  • when Helen was taken from Sparta he invoked the oath sworn by all of her suitors and with his brother led an army to retrieve her
30
Q

Myrmidons

A
  • people of Phthia
  • warriors from Thessaly
  • ruled by King Peleus
  • commanded at Troy by Achilles
31
Q

Myrmidons (tragedy )

A
  • by Aeschylus
  • classical period
  • talks about the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus
  • says Achilles is the Erastes
32
Q

Neoptolemus/ Pyrrhus

A
  • son of Achilles and Deidameia
  • joined the Trojan War after Achilles’ death
  • notorious for his brutality at the sack of Troy (he killed Priam at an altar)
  • afterward he took Andromache as slave and concubine
33
Q

Oenone

A
  • a Greek nymph
  • daughter of the river god Cebren
  • lived in Mount Ida
  • she met the young Paris and became his lover but was deserted by him for Helen
34
Q

Palladium

A
  • the most sacred image of Pallas Athena
  • the image supposedly didn’t allow the city that had it (Troy) to be destroyed
  • stolen by Diomedes and Odysseus
35
Q

Paris/ Alexander

A
  • son of Priam and Hecuba
  • Shepherd prince of Troy
  • brother of Hector, Cassandra, and Polyxena -judge of the famous beauty contest between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite in which he awarded Aphrodite the golden apple in exchange for Helen
  • he abducted Helen from Menelaus in Sparta (Iliad)
  • his affair with Helen caused the Trojan War
  • with the Apollo’s help he killed Achilles
36
Q

Parthenos

A

A young unmarried maiden, Virgin

37
Q

Patroclus

A
  • Achaean, son of Menoetius
  • in the Iliad he is the brother-in-arms of Achilles
  • exiled from his home for accidentally killing another boy
  • Patroclus found shelter in Peleus’ court where he was fostered with Achilles
  • lover of Achilles in some texts
  • killed by Hector
38
Q

Pederasty

A
  • boy lover

- a homosexual romantic relationship between an older adult male (the Erastes) and a you get boy (the eromenos)

39
Q

Peleus

A
  • husband of Thetis
  • father of Achilles
  • king of Phthia
40
Q

Peloponnesian War

A
  • 431- 404 BC
  • ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League (Athens) against the Peloponnesian League (Sparta) for the dominance of Greece
  • Sparta defeated Athens in the end
41
Q

Plato

A
  • Greek philosopher
  • wrote symposium
  • classical period
42
Q

Polyxena

A
  • youngest daughter of Priam and Hecuba
  • princess of Troy
  • sacrifices by the Greeks to the dead Achilles after the fall of Troy
43
Q

Sperlonga sculptures

A
  • larger ancient sculptures
  • discovered in the former villa of a Roman elite
  • show scenes from the story of the Homeric hero Odysseus
  • Are in Hellenistic “baroque” style, but date to the early imperial period
44
Q

Symposium

A
  • Plato
  • classical period
  • dialogue
  • says love is the most ancient and most powerful thing; love is everything
  • also Achilles is the eromenos since he is younger than Patroclus and more beautiful
45
Q

Talthybius

A
  • a Greek herald at Troy
  • character in the Trojan Women
  • delivers messages from the Greeks to the captive Trojan Women and informs them of their fate
46
Q

The Song of Achilles

A
  • by Madeleine Miller
  • contemporary period
  • novelistic retelling of the Iliad, but from the perspective of Patroclus, who narrates the love affair between himself and Achilles
47
Q

Thetis

A

sea-nymph

  • one of the fifty daughters of Nereus
  • wife of Peleus
  • mother of Achilles
  • opposed to Achilles’ and Patroclus relationship
48
Q

Trojan Women

A
  • by Euripides
  • classical period; produced in 415 BCE
  • portrays the fall of Troy from the point of view of the defeated

-Euripides’ commentary on Athenian atrocities committed during the Great Peloponnesian War

49
Q

Troy: Fall of a city

A
  • contemporary media period
  • british-american miniseries on Netflix
  • based on the Trojan War and the love affair between Paris and Helen
50
Q

True History

A
  • by Lucian

- imperial period

51
Q

Zeus

A
  • king of the gods
  • son of Cronus and Rhea
  • brother and husband of Hera
  • father of the Olympians and many mortals
  • considered to have fathered Helen
  • in some texts Zeus was the one who planned the Trojan War
52
Q

Achilles

A
  • son of Peleus and Thetis
  • the greatest Greek warrior
  • commander of the Myrmidons
  • kills Hector
  • killed by Apollo and Paris

Classical Studies (2 decks)

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