Midterm #2

Question 1

The components of culture:

Answer 1

Symbols
Language
Values
Norms
Material objects

Question 2

Symbols:

Answer 2

Anything the meaningfully represents something else to others
Words, numbers, pictures, colours, gestures, facial expressions, etc

Question 3

Language:

Answer 3

Set of symbols that express ideas and enabled people to think and communicate with one another

Question 4

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 4

language shapes how we think, perceive and thus experience the world

Question 5

Values:

Answer 5

• Collective ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and desirable or undesirable
• Provide the criteria for evaluating people, objects, and events

Question 6

Norms:

Answer 6

• Established rules of behaviour or standards of conduct

- May be formal or informal, consists of folkways, mores, taboos, laws

Question 7

Material culture:

Answer 7

Physical and tangible human creations:

tools, artifacts, and technologies

Question 8

Non material culture:

Answer 8

Abstract or intangible human creations: symbols, norms, and values

Question 9

Non material culture:

Answer 9

Abstract or intangible human creations: symbols, norms, and values

Question 10

Social structure:

Answer 10

• Stable pattern of social relationships that exist within a particular group or society
• We all depend on one another in all social interactions, mutual interaction

Question 11

Social interaction:

Answer 11

Process by which people act toward or respond to other people

Question 12

Components of Social Structure:

Answer 12

Status
Roles
Groups
Social Institution

Question 13

Status:

Answer 13

A socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights and duties

Question 14

Status set:

Answer 14

all of the structures that make up a person over a given time; implies relationships to other people

Question 15

Ascribed status:

Answer 15

attributes assigned at birth, or gained later in life (not chosen)

Question 16

Achieved Status:

Answer 16

spical postion a person assumer sovluntarity thorugh merit

Question 17

Master Status:

Answer 17

most important status, dominate over all others, determines a person’s social position

Question 18

Role:

Answer 18

a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status
We hold a status and perform a role

Question 19

Role Expectation:

Answer 19

society’s thinking of how a role should be played

Question 20

Role Performance:

Answer 20

how a person actually plays a role

Question 21

Role Ambiguity:

Answer 21

occurs when roles expectations are unclear

Question 22

Role Conflict:

Answer 22

occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person with two or more statuses

Question 23

Role Overload:

Answer 23

when the total number of statuses and role sets overwhelms all activity

Question 24

Role Strain:

Answer 24

when incompatible role demands build into a single status

Question 25

Role Distancing:

Answer 25

when individuals find themselves in roles where social identities are inconsistent with how they view themselves

Question 26

Role exit:

Answer 26

when people disenroll with their status, ends with the creation of a new identity

Question 27

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? Illustrate with an example.

Answer 27

• The Inuit many different words (23-54) to designate various kinds of snow
• Gauchos of Argentina: 200 different colours of horses
• Filipinos: 92 different words for different kinds of rice
• The Arabic language is said to contain 1000 different expressions for sword
• Koya of South India: no distinction between snow, fog, and dew but seven types of bamboo

Question 28

Nonmaterial culture ie:

Answer 28

Abstract or intangible
human creations:
symbols, norms, and values

Question 29

Material culture ie:

Answer 29

Physical and tangible
human creations:
tools, artifacts, and technologies

Question 30

Functions of Socialization

Answer 30

○ Ensures the survival and stability of society

○ Ensures the individual’s survival and development: personality and sense of self

Question 31

Three micro-sociological topics

Answer 31

Social construction of reality
Dramaturgical analysis
No verbal communication

Question 32

Social construction of reality

Answer 32

Our perception of reality and our behaviours are shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience

Question 33

Social construction ie:

Answer 33

Anagrams

Irony

Question 34

Dramaturgical analysis

Answer 34

The study of interactions that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation

Question 35

Impression management:

Answer 35

Our efforts to present ourselves to others in ways that are most favourable to our own interest

Question 36

Face saving behaviour

Answer 36

Strategies we use to rescue our performance when we experience loss of face

Question 37

Nonverbal communication

Answer 37

The transfer of info between persons without the use of speech- through body

Question 38

Functions of nonverbal communication

Answer 38

Reinforces verbal messages
Displays responsiveness
Est. Relationships
Shows gendered patterns of dominance