MIDTERM 2 Flashcards
PHONEME
- def
- example
DEF: distinct sound
EX// [kit] [mit]
ALLOPHONE
- def
- example
DEF: speech sounds assigned to one phoneme
EX// [kit] [khit]
HOW TO: DISTINCT PHONEMES
- change one sound in the same position of word
2. check if meaning changed
MINIMAL PAIR
- def
- example
DEF: two words that differ by one segment in same position
EX// [sun] [sung]
COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION
- def
- example
DEF: when 2 sounds never occur in the same environment
EX// heed seize leave
[i] occurs with voiced obstruents
MORPHEME
- def
- types
- example
DEF: smallest unit of language
TYPES
-1 morpheme=simple words
-2 morphemes=complex words
FREE MORPHEME
a word by itself
builder
BOUND MORPHEME
must be attached to another element to make a word
usually affixes (suffix, prefix, infix)
ALLOMORPH
various pronunciations of a morpheme.
NOT a morpheme bc it doesn’t change meaning
EX// [-s] and [-es] BOTH mean plural even though they’re pronounced different. same morpheme
DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME
used affix to build word with meaning/ category distinct from base
AKA. affix DERIVES different part of speech from the root
EX// act=verb
active=adjective
INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME
- modification of word’s form to indicate grammatical info of various sorts
- expressed thru affixation
PROBLEM WITH TRADITIONAL DEFINITION OF MORPHEME
that it has to carry meaning.
bound morphemes do NOT have meaning by themselves but they are still a morpheme.