midterm 2 Flashcards by Mary Lee

Theseus leaves her on an island

Ariadne

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Jason is from

Iolchis (Thessaly)

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He built the labyrinth

-Daedalus

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His story, during which he meets an untimely death because “he is overly rash in his adolescent bravado” is a mythical illustration of the Greek maxim “nothing too much”

Icarus

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Which god was Cadmus forced to serve for eight years in penance for killing the dragon, which led to the founding of Thebes?

Ares

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What two items did Madea poison and give to Jason’s bride as a wedding gift?

a dress and a crown

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This sister is sentenced to death by the king for giving her brother a proper burial?

Antigone

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In addition to appeasing the gods, what reason does Aigeus/Aegeus give to Medea for giving her asylum?

She promises him children

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Which ancient author wrote Metamorphosus and Ars amatoria (The art of love), which include some of the most famous accounts of the myths of Crete and Thebes?

Ovid

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Which one of the seven heroes who fought against Thebes lost his chance to be saved by Athena because he was eating his enemy’s brains?

Tydeus

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Why does Jason want to marry a new wife?

Jason finds a more advantageous bride

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T/F: The city of Thebes is unique in Greek legend bc it lacks any yth about which god/goddess/her founded it.

False

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Why did Medea kill her sons?

to punish Jason

- She was afraid her enemies would kill them anyway

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Why does OEdipus summon Teiresias to ask him who killed Laius?

-Because avenge Laius was the only way to appease the gods

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Zeus came to Europa in the form of what animal?

-bull

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Author of the play Medea

Euripides

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Who blinds himself when he learns the truth about killing his father and marrying his mother

Oedipus

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Who saved Alcestis from death

Heracles

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Oedipus summons Teiresias to ask him to kill Laius b/c avenging Laius was the only way to __________________.

appease the gods and to end the plague on the city.

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According to Homer’s Iliad, what finally caused Achilles to enter back into fighting during the Trojan War?

Achilles sought revenge for the death of his best friend, Patroclus

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According to Roman legend, which of the following men were part of the story of Rome’s foundation?

Remus
Aeneus
Odysseus
Romulus

Romulus
Remus
Aeneus

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In Homer’s Odyssey, how does Helen almost reveal that Greeks are waiting inside the Trojan Horse?

Calling each of the Greeks by name, imitating their wives’ voices

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The end of Aeschylus’s Eumenides play represents a major shift in the Greek perception of justice. In the older, clan-based system, justice was achieved through ___(A)___. In the newer system, justice could be achieved through ___(B)___.

(A) Revenge; (B) Due process of civic law

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The native Roman deities (or numina) were originally

______________ that could inhabit a variety of objects and serve a variety of functions

personified spirits

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What did Paris win as a result of judging the beauty competition between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite?

The most beautiful woman in the world

In Homer’s Odyssey, what method does Penelope employ to delay marrying one of the suitors?

She claimed to be finishing a funeral shroud for her husband first before remarrying, but undid the progress during the nights

What was the best way for a Roman man to demonstrate his virtus?

Participating in wars of foreign conquest

This goddess usually appears veiled in iconography and rarely leaves Olympus

Hestia

This person rejected myths as poetry but used them to explore philosophy

Plato

``` Which is NOT associated with Dionysus Select one: a. Goats b. Bulls c. Leopards d. Serpents ```

The correct answer is: Serpents

``` This person wanders from Greece to Egypt after being turned into a cow by Zeus Select one: a. Alcmena b. Ganymede c. Danaos d. Io ```

What are the bones of the mother of Deucalion? Select one: a. Rocks b. Olive trees sacred to Athena c. Ancient fossils on Mount Parnassus d. Her buried bones, which had been exposed

Rocks

``` Demeter is the goddess of: Select one: a. Wild plants only b. Wild and cultivated plants c. Wild and cultivated animals d. Cultivated plants only ```

Cultivated plants only

``` The return of the Heraclids from Athens to Mycenae is thought to correspond to which historical event? Select one: a. The battles of Alexander the Great b. The Pelopponesian War c. The Dorian invasion d. The Persian War ```

The Dorian Invasionn

``` Who attempted to deceive Zeus by hiding the bones inside the fatty skin? Select one: a. Phaethon b. Epimetheus c. Iapetus d. Prometheus ```

Prometheus

``` Which god did NOT help in the creation of Pandora Select one: a. Athena b. Hephaestus c. Aphrodite d. Artemis ```

Artemis

``` Which god/goddess battled Athena to be patron of Athens? Select one: a. Apollo b. Aphrodite c. Poseidon d. Artemis ```

Poseidon

Fate of Tithonus, love of Eos (dawn): Select one: a. Allowed to ride in her chariot, but falls from the sky b. Killed when he approached her at night c. Turned into a cicada (grasshopper) d. Killed by Zeus, who also loved Eos

Turned into a cicada

``` The most important source for our understanding of the origin of major deities: Select one: a. Apollodorus. b. Ovid. c. Hesiod. d. Homer. ```

Hesiod

``` The Greek god or goddess most closely associated with Inanna / Ishtar: Select one: a. Artemis b. Hestia c. Isis d. Aphrodite ```

Aphrodite

``` The youngest of the Olympians Select one: a. Ares b. Zeus c. Demeter d. Aphrodite ```

Zeus

``` The correct order of gods, according to Hesiod: Select one: a. Chaos, Olympians, Titans, Heracles b. Uranus, Cronus, Zeus, Chaos c. Uranus, Cronus, Aphrodite, Zeus d. Chaos, Zeus, Uranus, Aphrodite ```

Uranus, Cronus, Aphrodite, Zeus

``` What is commonly seen in depictions of Athena? Select one: a. A spear and helmet b. A water jug c. Cupid d. A scorpion ```

A spear and a helmet

``` This poet is the most important source for Roman myth, and his poetry served as inspiration for much later art: Select one: a. Romanus. b. Valerius Flaccus. c. Ovid. d. Horace. ```

Ovid

``` Hera slows the birth of ___ to allow Eurystheus to become king Select one: a. Theseus b. Heracles c. Iphicles d. Perseus ```

Heracles

What major event happened in 753?

Romulus and Remus fight (Romulus wins) and Romulus founds Rome.

In Roman myth: Who was the very important woman whose death lead to the destruction of the monarchy?

Lucretia

How is Roman myth different from Greek myth?

More focused on teaching the loyalty to the state; created for a purpose

wins the Panathenaic games. King Aegeus asks him to fight a wild bull.

Androgeus

Ariadine falls in love with ________ as he approaches. She shows him how to escape the Minotaur, by taking a ball of yarn in the Labyrinth. After he escapes, they run away together however, he leaves her on the island of Naxos

Theseus

Common themes in the Myths of Crete:

``` Power of navy Bull sacrifice Connection with semitic people Athenians showing intelligence and skill Grotesque sexuality of Cretans ```

Argonauts, Jason & Medea stories takes place in _______.

Thessaly

_______ and _______ were both almost sacrificed by Ino (jealous bitch) and a golden ram rescues them and they fly away into the distance.

Phrixus; Helle

How does Jason die?

Jason dies from a ship’s prow falling on him

Theban Cycle: Thebes has two different foundation stories, they are Europa and ________________

Amphion and Zethus

Who burnt everything in Thebes to the ground besides the House of Pindar (out of respect to the great poets)?

Alexander

One of Cadmus’ sons marries Antiope, who is seduced by ________ and gives birth to twins: Amphion and Zethus- completely opposite. They built the wall around Thebes. Zeuthus carried and placed the rocks but Amphion played the lyre to get the rocks into place.

Zeus

Main Theban tragedy: _________ (person) battle between what is right and what is right for the Country and then she is burned alive

Antigone

Eteocles and Polynices are Oedipus sons and they agree to share power but Etocles refuses to give up the throne at the end of the year. At the end E and P kill each other in hand to hand combat. What was this story called?

Seven Against Thebes

What cycle centers around the king of Argos (Atreus) and was thought to have happened in the 15th century?

Trojan Cycle

House of Atreus: Fill in the blanks Grandson of Tantalus and son of ________. _________eats the shoulder which is replaced with ivory. Oenomaus fell in love with his daughter __________. Suitor must win a chariot race and Pelops wins and become the new king of _______.

Pelops; Demester; Hippodamia; Pisa

Banquet of Thyestes: Theseus is overthrown and _________ becomes the king.

Agamemnon

Who kills Agamemnon?

Clytemnestra (his wife)

House of Tyndareus: | Zeus and Tyndanerous sleep with _______ on the same night and give birth to the Dioscuri (inseparable twins).

Leda

The Iliad picks up in the 10th year of battle and focuses on Achilles _________.

Anger

In the Iliad, Achilles comes back and kills ______ in return, Priam reaches out to Achilles in order get the body of ________

Hector; Hector

Paris shoots Achilles, then Ajax and Achilles fight over Achilles armor but Ajax goes mad and kills _______ and commits suicide

sheep

Roman Myth: It takes Aeneus 7 years to get to _______ where he meets ________ and falls in love, however, Mercury tells him that he needs to go and found a great race.

Carthage; Dido

What is the most important Roman virtue and what does it mean?

Pietas - the importance and loyalty to the household gods and family

Who loses his wife when he escapes (which he is prophesied to to do) Troy?

Aeneus

Rome is inhabited by all men and so they invite the ________ to a party. During which they abduct the women and kick out the parents. The women end up falling in love and getting pregnant.

Sabines

Etruscan Dynasty: An Etruscan named _________ invaded Rome who then became the 5th king. He was murdered by ________. His wife had their former slave’s son take the throne.

Tarquin; his sons

Etruscan Dynasty: __________ was an important leader, exiled for arrogance and hostility of common men. He leads the Romans against the Volsci. His wife convinced him to relent and earned a temple in her honor.

Criolanus

Etymology is...

“ true meaning of a word”

Euhemerism is...

the attempt to explain myth as an early form of history (i.e., “gods were once humans”)

Comparative mythology is.....

an attempt to understand stories through Indo-European roots.

How do myths stress the importance of the ideal Greek household and its importance to the city?

The greek household is the place of teaching children duties/how to behave; Fighting for country; Woman’s place in holding power and transferring it

What is the role of myth in tragedy?

Gives a basic plot line/scenario for tragedy to base itself off of; In Greek myths, everyone is faced with a tragedy. They have prideful tendencies, they have their fall, they do good and bad things. You're not really sure, yeah that's gross what insert character did, but he was also fated to do it. You can’t resolve anything.

The following are examples of what in myths? 1) Oedipus: Was he fated to do what he did? Was he punished because of his pursuit for truth? Victim of his own free will? 2) Medea: Sympathize with her but she did horrible, horrible things.

Tragedies

What 4 major events lead to the trojan war?

1) Menelaus winning Helen as long as Agamemnon can overthrow Thyestes; King of Sparta helped overthrow Thyestes; Her other suitors love her enough to enter into an oath. 2) Hera’s wedding party for Peleus and Thetis where and Eris’ apple/judgement of paris 3) Paris stole Helen not against her will (despite her being betrothed to Menelaus) while Menelaus was off at a funeral thus pissing off Menelaus. “Love at first sight” 4) Menelaus called upon the oath of Tyndareus.