midterm 2 Flashcards
Theseus leaves her on an island
Ariadne
Jason is from
Iolchis (Thessaly)
He built the labyrinth
-Daedalus
His story, during which he meets an untimely death because “he is overly rash in his adolescent bravado” is a mythical illustration of the Greek maxim “nothing too much”
Icarus
Which god was Cadmus forced to serve for eight years in penance for killing the dragon, which led to the founding of Thebes?
Ares
What two items did Madea poison and give to Jason’s bride as a wedding gift?
a dress and a crown
This sister is sentenced to death by the king for giving her brother a proper burial?
Antigone
In addition to appeasing the gods, what reason does Aigeus/Aegeus give to Medea for giving her asylum?
She promises him children
Which ancient author wrote Metamorphosus and Ars amatoria (The art of love), which include some of the most famous accounts of the myths of Crete and Thebes?
Ovid
Which one of the seven heroes who fought against Thebes lost his chance to be saved by Athena because he was eating his enemy’s brains?
Tydeus
Why does Jason want to marry a new wife?
Jason finds a more advantageous bride
T/F: The city of Thebes is unique in Greek legend bc it lacks any yth about which god/goddess/her founded it.
False
Why did Medea kill her sons?
- to punish Jason
- She was afraid her enemies would kill them anyway
Why does OEdipus summon Teiresias to ask him who killed Laius?
-Because avenge Laius was the only way to appease the gods
Zeus came to Europa in the form of what animal?
-bull
Author of the play Medea
Euripides
Who blinds himself when he learns the truth about killing his father and marrying his mother
Oedipus
Who saved Alcestis from death
Heracles
Oedipus summons Teiresias to ask him to kill Laius b/c avenging Laius was the only way to __________________.
appease the gods and to end the plague on the city.
According to Homer’s Iliad, what finally caused Achilles to enter back into fighting during the Trojan War?
Achilles sought revenge for the death of his best friend, Patroclus
According to Roman legend, which of the following men were part of the story of Rome’s foundation?
Remus
Aeneus
Odysseus
Romulus
Romulus
Remus
Aeneus
In Homer’s Odyssey, how does Helen almost reveal that Greeks are waiting inside the Trojan Horse?
Calling each of the Greeks by name, imitating their wives’ voices
The end of Aeschylus’s Eumenides play represents a major shift in the Greek perception of justice. In the older, clan-based system, justice was achieved through ___(A)___. In the newer system, justice could be achieved through ___(B)___.
(A) Revenge; (B) Due process of civic law
The native Roman deities (or numina) were originally
______________ that could inhabit a variety of objects and serve a variety of functions
personified spirits
What did Paris win as a result of judging the beauty competition between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite?
The most beautiful woman in the world
In Homer’s Odyssey, what method does Penelope employ to delay marrying one of the suitors?
She claimed to be finishing a funeral shroud for her husband first before remarrying, but undid the progress during the nights
What was the best way for a Roman man to demonstrate his virtus?
Participating in wars of foreign conquest
This goddess usually appears veiled in iconography and rarely leaves Olympus
Hestia
This person rejected myths as poetry but used them to explore philosophy
Plato
Which is NOT associated with Dionysus Select one: a. Goats b. Bulls c. Leopards d. Serpents
The correct answer is: Serpents
This person wanders from Greece to Egypt after being turned into a cow by Zeus Select one: a. Alcmena b. Ganymede c. Danaos d. Io
Io
What are the bones of the mother of Deucalion?
Select one:
a. Rocks
b. Olive trees sacred to Athena
c. Ancient fossils on Mount Parnassus
d. Her buried bones, which had been exposed
Rocks
Demeter is the goddess of: Select one: a. Wild plants only b. Wild and cultivated plants c. Wild and cultivated animals d. Cultivated plants only
Cultivated plants only
The return of the Heraclids from Athens to Mycenae is thought to correspond to which historical event? Select one: a. The battles of Alexander the Great b. The Pelopponesian War c. The Dorian invasion d. The Persian War
The Dorian Invasionn
Who attempted to deceive Zeus by hiding the bones inside the fatty skin? Select one: a. Phaethon b. Epimetheus c. Iapetus d. Prometheus
Prometheus
Which god did NOT help in the creation of Pandora Select one: a. Athena b. Hephaestus c. Aphrodite d. Artemis
Artemis
Which god/goddess battled Athena to be patron of Athens? Select one: a. Apollo b. Aphrodite c. Poseidon d. Artemis
Poseidon
Fate of Tithonus, love of Eos (dawn):
Select one:
a. Allowed to ride in her chariot, but falls from the sky
b. Killed when he approached her at night
c. Turned into a cicada (grasshopper)
d. Killed by Zeus, who also loved Eos
Turned into a cicada
The most important source for our understanding of the origin of major deities: Select one: a. Apollodorus. b. Ovid. c. Hesiod. d. Homer.
Hesiod
The Greek god or goddess most closely associated with Inanna / Ishtar: Select one: a. Artemis b. Hestia c. Isis d. Aphrodite
Aphrodite
The youngest of the Olympians Select one: a. Ares b. Zeus c. Demeter d. Aphrodite
Zeus
The correct order of gods, according to Hesiod: Select one: a. Chaos, Olympians, Titans, Heracles b. Uranus, Cronus, Zeus, Chaos c. Uranus, Cronus, Aphrodite, Zeus d. Chaos, Zeus, Uranus, Aphrodite
Uranus, Cronus, Aphrodite, Zeus
What is commonly seen in depictions of Athena? Select one: a. A spear and helmet b. A water jug c. Cupid d. A scorpion
A spear and a helmet
This poet is the most important source for Roman myth, and his poetry served as inspiration for much later art: Select one: a. Romanus. b. Valerius Flaccus. c. Ovid. d. Horace.
Ovid
Hera slows the birth of \_\_\_ to allow Eurystheus to become king Select one: a. Theseus b. Heracles c. Iphicles d. Perseus
Heracles
What major event happened in 753?
Romulus and Remus fight (Romulus wins) and Romulus founds Rome.
In Roman myth: Who was the very important woman whose death lead to the destruction of the monarchy?
Lucretia
How is Roman myth different from Greek myth?
More focused on teaching the loyalty to the state; created for a purpose
wins the Panathenaic games. King Aegeus asks him to fight a wild bull.
Androgeus
Ariadine falls in love with ________ as he approaches. She shows him how to escape the Minotaur, by taking a ball of yarn in the Labyrinth. After he escapes, they run away together however, he leaves her on the island of Naxos
Theseus
Common themes in the Myths of Crete:
Power of navy Bull sacrifice Connection with semitic people Athenians showing intelligence and skill Grotesque sexuality of Cretans
Argonauts, Jason & Medea stories takes place in _______.
Thessaly
_______ and _______ were both almost sacrificed by Ino (jealous bitch) and a golden ram rescues them and they fly away into the distance.
Phrixus; Helle
How does Jason die?
Jason dies from a ship’s prow falling on him
Theban Cycle: Thebes has two different foundation stories, they are Europa and ________________
Amphion and Zethus
Who burnt everything in Thebes to the ground besides the House of Pindar (out of respect to the great poets)?
Alexander
One of Cadmus’ sons marries Antiope, who is seduced by ________ and gives birth to twins: Amphion and Zethus- completely opposite. They built the wall around Thebes. Zeuthus carried and placed the rocks but Amphion played the lyre to get the rocks into place.
Zeus
Main Theban tragedy: _________ (person) battle between what is right and what is right for the Country and then she is burned alive
Antigone
Eteocles and Polynices are Oedipus sons and they agree to share power but Etocles refuses to give up the throne at the end of the year. At the end E and P kill each other in hand to hand combat. What was this story called?
Seven Against Thebes
What cycle centers around the king of Argos (Atreus) and was thought to have happened in the 15th century?
Trojan Cycle
House of Atreus: Fill in the blanks
Grandson of Tantalus and son of ________.
_________eats the shoulder which is replaced with ivory.
Oenomaus fell in love with his daughter __________.
Suitor must win a chariot race and Pelops wins and become the new king of _______.
Pelops;
Demester;
Hippodamia;
Pisa
Banquet of Thyestes: Theseus is overthrown and _________ becomes the king.
Agamemnon
Who kills Agamemnon?
Clytemnestra (his wife)
House of Tyndareus:
Zeus and Tyndanerous sleep with _______ on the same night and give birth to the Dioscuri (inseparable twins).
Leda
The Iliad picks up in the 10th year of battle and focuses on Achilles _________.
Anger
In the Iliad, Achilles comes back and kills ______ in return, Priam reaches out to Achilles in order get the body of ________
Hector; Hector
Paris shoots Achilles, then Ajax and Achilles fight over Achilles armor but Ajax goes mad and kills _______ and commits suicide
sheep
Roman Myth:
It takes Aeneus 7 years to get to _______ where he meets ________ and falls in love, however, Mercury tells him that he needs to go and found a great race.
Carthage; Dido
What is the most important Roman virtue and what does it mean?
Pietas - the importance and loyalty to the household gods and family
Who loses his wife when he escapes (which he is prophesied to to do) Troy?
Aeneus
Rome is inhabited by all men and so they invite the ________ to a party. During which they abduct the women and kick out the parents. The women end up falling in love and getting pregnant.
Sabines
Etruscan Dynasty:
An Etruscan named _________ invaded Rome who then became the 5th king. He was murdered by ________. His wife had their former slave’s son take the throne.
Tarquin; his sons
Etruscan Dynasty:
__________ was an important leader, exiled for arrogance and hostility of common men. He leads the Romans against the Volsci. His wife convinced him to relent and earned a temple in her honor.
Criolanus
Etymology is…
“ true meaning of a word”
Euhemerism is…
the attempt to explain myth as an early form of history (i.e., “gods were once humans”)
Comparative mythology is…..
an attempt to understand stories through Indo-European roots.
How do myths stress the importance of the ideal Greek household and its importance to the city?
The greek household is the place of teaching children duties/how to behave; Fighting for country; Woman’s place in holding power and transferring it
What is the role of myth in tragedy?
Gives a basic plot line/scenario for tragedy to base itself off of; In Greek myths, everyone is faced with a tragedy. They have prideful tendencies, they have their fall, they do good and bad things. You’re not really sure, yeah that’s gross what insert character did, but he was also fated to do it. You can’t resolve anything.
The following are examples of what in myths?
1) Oedipus: Was he fated to do what he did? Was he punished because of his pursuit for truth? Victim of his own free will?
2) Medea: Sympathize with her but she did horrible, horrible things.
Tragedies
What 4 major events lead to the trojan war?
1) Menelaus winning Helen as long as Agamemnon can overthrow Thyestes; King of Sparta helped overthrow Thyestes; Her other suitors love her enough to enter into an oath.
2) Hera’s wedding party for Peleus and Thetis where and Eris’ apple/judgement of paris
3) Paris stole Helen not against her will (despite her being betrothed to Menelaus) while Menelaus was off at a funeral thus pissing off Menelaus. “Love at first sight”
4) Menelaus called upon the oath of Tyndareus.
