Midterm 2 Flashcards
When mitochondria become old they are enclosed by the membrane structure called _____ which will be eventually fused with lysosome
Autophagosome
What is false about mitochondria?
Their membrane lipid is transferred from ER by vesicular traffic
What is right about protein transport to mitochondria?
It needs Hsp70
What is the right pathway of the transport of endocytic vesicles?
Early endosome - late endosome - lysosome
Thickness of a microtubule is about _____
25 nm
Thickness of the intermediate filament is about _____
10 nm
Thickness of the actin is about ____
7-8 nm
What is the most appropriate explanation about the function of fimbrin?
It bundles actin filaments into filopodia
What is the most appropriate explanation about the function of troponin-C?
It binds Ca2+ to regulate muscle contraction
What is the most appropriate explanation about the function of dystrophin?
It connects F-actin with transmembrane proteins that binds to the extracellular matrix in skeletal muscle
ATP synthase is a large protein complex, which localizes on ____ of mitochondria
Inner membrane
F1 region of the ATP synthase is facing to ____
Matrix
______ subunit has two half-channels, each of which opens to opposite sides of the membrane
a
Under normal conditions, _____ in intermembrane space come through the half channel from the _____ and transferred to _____ subunit. This results in sliding of the “c-ring” by one subunit
H+
Top
c
Gradient of _____ is converted to the rotation of the c ring
H+
Catalytic site of ATP synthesis belongs to _____ complex
alpha-beta
While c ring rotates, _____ subunit(s) rotate with c ring
y
As c ring rotates, _____ changes conformation to produce ATP from ADP and phosphate
alpha-beta
The electron transport system pumps _____ of _____ ions,during transporting high energy electrons from one NADH (in matrix) to O2
10
H+
A c-ring is made of _____ molecules of _____
12
c
One revolution of c-ring produces _____ molecules of ATP
3
In total, energy in one NADH will create _____ molecules of ATP
2.5
When neutrophil moves toward attractant, cell protrusion is formed by local activation of _____-family proteins at the plasma membrane near the attractant
Rho
Activation of Rho-family proteins is caused by binding of _____ to _____
GTP
Rho
Upon activation, _____ interacts with _____, which starts do novo formation of F-actin at the plasma membrane
Rho
Formin
_____ also indirectly stimulates _____, which creates new branch of F-actin
Rho
ARP
The leading edge of the protrusion has ______-end of F-actin
Barbed
In the cytosol F-actin is disassembled by ______, that creates G-actin form the filament
Cofilin
ADP in the dissociated G-actin will be replaced by ATP by ____
Profilin
When the membrane protrusion touches the extracellular matrix (or other surface) F-actin can be anchored to the extracellular material by the transmembrane protein _____
Integrin
Kinesin-I has two heads and can walk on _____ by hydrolyzing ATP
Microtubule
During the walking, kinesin changes conformation and “throw” one head over the other. This power stroke is coupled with _____
ATP binding
