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MRSC 321 > MIDTERM 2 > Flashcards

MIDTERM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Flatworms

A

Platyhelminthes

  • no respiratory/circulatory system
  • digestive cavity has 1 opening
  • simple nerve nets, most neurons in head (ventral)
  • have sensory receptors in head-light and smell, but no eyes or organized sensory organs
  • free living mostly predators (some parasitic eg tapeworms and flukes)
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2
Q

Who is trochophore larva

A

Annelida

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3
Q

What is protosome and who is is

A

bilateral, 3 germ layer, first opening is mouth

flatworms (platyhelminthes)

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4
Q

Describe Ribbon Worms

A

Nemertea

  • less than 20cm long
  • have probiscis used in hunting, stored in digestive cavity (stylet)
  • simple brain and pair of ventral nerve cords
  • simple circulatory system - coelems, no gills-respire thru skin
  • separate sexes-broadcast spawners
  • most benthic (inc. deep sea), some pelagic
  • parenchyma
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5
Q

What is deuterostome and who is it

A

first opening is anus, nemertea (ribbon worms)

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6
Q

Describe Round worms

A

Nematoda

  • small, often meiofauna, adults 0.1-3 mm
  • 1 sq meter of bottom mud can contain >1 million nematodes
  • more than 5,000 species
  • scavengers, nutrient turnover (consume detritis bacteria-some carnivores, parasites)
  • no gills, simple fluid circulation
  • no circular muscles
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7
Q

Describe Segmented worms

A

Annelida

  • bristle worms, christmas tree worms, hot vent tube worm
  • includes all segments worms (polychaetes, earthworms, leeches)
  • complex shared circulatory system of many organs, inc. simple gills (terrestrial via skin)
  • complex shared circulatory system, gut and nervous system sensory organs
  • body wall of collagen-a protein-can grow Chaeta (chitonous bristle) made of beta-chitin
  • up to 10ft long
  • soft bodies
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8
Q

unique features of tube worms

A

have no gut, and gain nutrients from chemotrophic bacteria living inside them

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9
Q

unique features of christmas tree worms

A

filter feeders, use palps as structure food harvesting and respiratory structures
feather like structure of palps called radioles

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10
Q

describe bryzoans

A
  • filter feeders-use crown of lophophore tentacles
  • colonial - made up of zooids
  • autozooids- feeding and excretion. other specialize in reproduction, defense, even locomotion
  • cause disease in kelp
  • eaten by many grazers, nudibranchs urchins
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11
Q

described generalized autozooid

A

digestive tract, retractor muscle, gonads, and outer covering

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12
Q

Who are hagfish

A

Myxini

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13
Q

Who are lampreys

A

petromyzontida

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14
Q

Who are cartilaginous fish

A

chondrichthyes

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15
Q

Who are ray-finned fish

A

actinopterygii

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16
Q

Who are colecantis

A

actinistia

17
Q

Who are lung fish

A

Dipnoi

18
Q

describe lampreys oral area

A

have oral disk and rasping tongue covered with horny dentacles to grasp prey, rasp hole in the bosy and suck out tissue and fluid

19
Q

describe lamprey reproduction

A

anadromous (return to fresh water to spawn) but males do not return to natal stream
males migrate up rivers and build nests, females arrive and attaches to the nest stone with oral sucker, male attaches to back of females, eggs and sperm shed

20
Q

what are lamprey larva called and describe them

A

ammocoetes, benthic, filter feeders, after 3-7 years they metamorphose into adults and return to sea

21
Q

describe the fin names

A 
small/front-pectoral
left medium-pelvic
right-dorsal
left-anal 
back-caudal
small back-adipose, or 2nd dorsal
22
Q

describe cartilaginous fish

A

sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras
skeleton of cartilage
posses jaws and paired fins
placoid covers skin

23
Q

what are the two main groups of cartilaginous fish

A

Holocephalans- chimaeras, or ratfish

Elasmobranchs- 2 body forms: streamlined eg sharks or dorsoventially flattened eg skates and rays

24
Q

list some holocephalans

A

rat fish, longnose chimaeras, elephant nose chimaeras, plough nose chimaeras

25
Q

describe chimaeras

A

large pointed head & long slender tails
gills covered by operculum, water inhaled thru the nostrils rather than mouth
have flat plates for crushing prey instead of teeth
scales confined to a few dentacles, if they have scales they are placoid
-no cloaca is have seperate anal and urogenital openings
males have claspers on their heads and pelvic fins

26
Q

describe who has each type of scale

A

ctenoid-bass
cycloid-salmon
ganoid-gar
placoid-shark

27
Q

describe reproduction in chimaeras

A

oviparity; fertilization internal, lay eggs, embryo has a yolk sac for nutrition
ovoviviparity; fertilization internal, eggs hatch internally, embryos feed off yolk sac and uterine milk (mammals have viviparity utilizing placentas)

28
Q

list elasmobranches organisms

A

sharks & rays, ground & requiem sharks, mackerel sharks, carpet sharks, angel sharks, bullhead sharks, saw sharks & saw fish

29
Q

describe ground/requiem sharks

A 
order carcharihiniformes (tiger, hammerhead, bull shark, black tip, blue) 
nictitating membrane (third eye that is translucent/clear)
2 dorsal fins, 1 anal fin 
5 gill slits
30
Q

describe mackeral sharks

A

order lamniformes (great white, thresher, basking)
no nicitaitng membrane
2 dorsal fins, 1 anal fin
5 gill slits

31
Q

describe carpet sharks

A 
order orectolobiformes (whale, zebra)
2 dorsal fins, anal fin 
5 gill slits
32
Q

describe angel sharks

A

(austrialian)
2 dorsal fns, no anal fin
ovoviviparous

33
Q

describe bull head sharks

A

small spiracle (port jackson, horn)
2 dorsal fins with fin spines
anal fin
oviparous

34
Q

describe saw sharks and sawfish

A

5/6 gills
2 dorsal fins no anal
2 barbels on saw

35
Q

characteristics of saw sharks and sawfish

A
  • cartilage skeleton
  • some 2 some 2 dorsal fin, some have dorsal spines
  • most have accessory, respiratory opening, the spiracle
  • can breathe via ram or buccal pumping
  • placoid scales
  • liver contains squalene - an oil
  • modified pelvic fin in males, claspers
36
Q

describe skates and rays

A

gill slits on ventral surface
no anal fin
pectoral fins usually fused to top of head
eyes and spiracles on top of head (specialized gill slits located behind eyes)
all skates and some rays are oviparous, other rays are ovoviviparous (aplacental)
stingrays and relatives (eagle, manta)

MRSC 321 (2 decks)

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