Midterm 2 Flashcards
Forum at Pompeii
Pompeii
Roman
200 BC-79 AD
The center of civic life, at the north end is the temple of jupiter. Basilica held Pompeii’s law court.
Portrait of Vespasian
Roman
69-79 AD
Flavian Era
Vespasian reverts to the veristic style to distance himself from past failed rulers.
Portrait of a Flavian Lady
Rome
Roman
ca. 90 AD
Female portraits are classisized. There is intense contrast between her hair detail and skin. Hair is extremely detailed with a dril. Tall slender neck like the portrait of Nefirtiri but features a neutral expression and slight turn of the neck.
Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
Rome
Roman
ca. 175 AD
Depiction of a victorious general on horseback displaying power to destroy and mercy. He was a general and a philosoper. Has the philosophers beard compared to the stubble of a soldier.
Portrait of Commodus as Hercules
Rome
Roman
190s AD
Portraying himself as divine compared to the suddle hints of Augustus’s divinity. Golden age to rusty iron.
Family Portrait of the Severans
from Egypt (the Fayoum)
Roman
ca. 200 AD
Rare painted portrait supporting family values and peace to Rome. Severus keeps continuity with Marcus Arielius’s philosopher beard to make up for lack of bloodline. Child’s face is scratched out.
Mummy of Artemidorus
from Hawara, Egypt
Roman
ca. 100-120 AD
State of many cultures. Roman elites continue Egyptian practices like mummification. Egyptian belief’s but Roman style.
Portrait of Caracalla
Rome
Roman
211-217 AD
A man of action and intensity. He wears the soldier’s beard and hair. He commands with the power and ferocity of a soldier as depicted in his portrait.
Golden House of Nero (Domus Aurea):
Plan of Esquiline Wing
Rome
Roman
64-68 AD
Nero implements building codes and creates man made lakes. He angers the citizens by taking away there land and homes. When he dies the citizens take back the palace.
Golden House of Nero (Domus Aurea):
Reconstruction of the octagonal hall
Rome
Roman
64-68 AD
Radial rooms create lateral support for dome. Intricate architecture allows the reflection of light into the octagonal rooms.
Flavian Amphitheater (the Colosseum)
Rome
Roman
72-80 AD
Because of concrete the Roman’s were able to build outside of the land unlike the Greeks. Complex maze structure underneath the arena. Hierarchy of seating. Sculptural and architecrual building with false supporting columns. New building look like old.
Trajan’s Forum: Plan
Rome
Roman
ca. 106-112 AD
Quoting Augustus in portrait and in forum. Large open plaza, semi circular wings, traditional. Glorified Trajan’s victories agains the Dacians and military prowess (equestrian statue). Built with the spoils from campaigns.
Trajan’s Market
Rome
Roman
ca. 106-112 AD
Complex set of buildings for shops and apartments for the citizens. Replacing commercial areas that were destroyed. Also protects the forum from mud slide.
Trajan’s Market: Interior view of the Great Market Hall
Rome
Roman
ca. 106-112 AD
Resembles a modern shopping mall. Features concrete crossing vaults that cover the central space. The new Roman technology is being used in common buldings.
Hadrian’s Villa
Tivoli
Roman
ca. 135 AD
Hadrian personally designed his private Villa in Tivoli. It had many features including a pool and artificial grotto. Hadrian brought together many architectural orders such as Greek and Egyptian to, in a sense, bring the world to him.
Hadrian’s Villa
Tivoli
Roman
ca. 135 AD
Hadrian personally designed his private Villa in Tivoli. It had many features including a pool and artificial grotto. Hadrian brought together many architectural orders such as Greek and Egyptian to, in a sense, bring the world to him.
The Pantheon
Rome
Roman
125-128 AD
The temple of all the gods. It reveals the full potential of concrete and Roman architecture. The large dome symbolized earth and the vault of the heavens. Unified whole uniteruppted by supporting columns. Illumination provides light and dramatic symbolism.
Baths of Caracalla
Rome
Roman
ca. 212-216 AD
Propaganda baths but Caracalla in good favor to the citizens. Much like a health spa. Featured mosaics, marble walls and statues.
Baths of Diocletian: The Frigidarium
Rome
Roman
298-306 AD (but remodeled by Michaelangelo as the nave of the Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli, 1563,
and again in the 18th century)
Lavish adornment of imperial Roman baths. Groin vaults and clerestory lighting.
Plan of Timgad
Timgad, Algeria
Roman
ca. 100 AD
Colony for amry veterans that became the physical embodiment of Roman authority. The town was designed to resemble a military encampment. Depicted Roman order and unity. As population grew, the city expanded haphazardly.
Plan of Timgad
Timgad, Algeria
Roman
ca. 100 AD
Colony for amry veterans that became the physical embodiment of Roman authority. The town was designed to resemble a military encampment. Depicted Roman order and unity. As population grew, the city expanded haphazardly.
Hadrian’s Wall
Housesteads, Britain
Roman
117-138 AD
A defence wall to keep the Roman empire intact and seperate them from the barbarians. Display of Roman unity and power.
Arch of Titus
Rome
Roman
ca. 81 AD
Triumphal arch commemorating Titus. Features winged Victories and parades returning from campaign with spoils. Classical style of Ara Pacis was rejected.
Arch of Titus: Triumphal Procession
Rome
Roman
ca. 81 AD
Relief commemorates Titus’s greatest achivement, the conquest of Judaea. A parade of soldiers return with spoils from compaign including the menora. The classical style of Ara Pacis was rejected. The heads are at different levels and location is depicted.
Arch of Titus: Titus in chariot
Rome
Roman
ca. 81 AD
A Victory crowns Titus in his triumphal chariot. Divine personifications of Honor and Valor are present. Intermingling of human and divine figures in a historical relief. Classical style of Ara Pacis was rejected.
Column of Trajan
Rome
Roman
106-113 AD
Funerary monument and commemoration of military triumphs (2 campains). Propaganda supporting Trajan. Compare how you are suppose to read with the Odyssey Landscapes. Barbarians and Romans are depicted (beards). Chaos vs Order.
Funerary Relief of a Circus Official
Ostia
Roman
ca. 110-130
Funerary relief depicting the man’s profession (circus official. Arch leading to the circus maximus is in background. Horses and chariots are shown. Disproportionate bodies and deeply carved drapery.
Funerary relief of vegetable seller
Ostia
Roman
2nd century AD
Funerary relief depicting the profession of the deceased. Artist rejected the Classical-revival style of contemporary imperial art. The counter is tilted foward so the viwer can see the produce.
Funerary relief of midwife
Ostia
Roman
2nd century AD
Funerary relief depicting the profession of the deceased. Immortalizing the activities of middleclass merchants and professionals. Scenes of daily life are common in Roman funerary reliefs.
Column of Antoninus Pius: Apotheosis
Rome
Roman
161 AD
Illustrates Antonius’s (and wife) accent to the heavens and divinity (eagles and winged man). Figures follow classical tradition with elegant well proportions figures and drapery. Augustan woman and reclining youth.
Column of Antoninus Pius: Decursio
Rome
Roman
161 AD
The decusio relief breaks from classical convention with stockier and disproportionate figures. Instead of in a window the figures float in our space.
Sarcophagus from Melfi
Melfi
Roman
ca. 165-170 AD
Reclining woman, whose beuty rivaled Venus and Helen (compare to tomb of persephone or kore). Features aragorical figures on base. Eastern sarcophogai were decorated on all four sides.
Sarcophagus showing myth of Orestes
Roman
ca. 140-150
Relief on the base of Sarcophogus. Themes of Greek mythology were common on sarcophogai. Burial over cremations. Orestes kills his mother and lover but it equitted on trial. Do whatever the fuck you want cause you’ll get equitted.
Portrait of Trajan Decius
Roman
249-251 AD
Features tortue/anxiety/pain in expression (inner psychological). Large deepset eyes and furrows. Rejection of Classical idealism and Augustan divinity.
Portrait of Trebonianus Gallus
probably from Rome
Roman
251-253 AD
Portrait both draws on and rejects classical idealism. Trebonianus rules with brute for and power (flat, planted stance).
Portrait of Philip the Arab
Roman
244-249 AD
Celebrates 1000 year anniversary of Rome. Features cropped beard and hair of military soldier.
Portrait of the Tetrarchs
from Constantinople, now in St. Mark’s, Venice
Roman
ca. 305 AD
Emperors and vice emperors. Symbolistic portrait instead of individualized. Hugging each other in solidarity. Rejection of classical style.
Palace of Diocletian: Reconstruction
Split, Croatia
Roman
ca. 296-306 AD
Built like an army camp (compare to Timgad). Diocletian shuts the world out in contrast to Hadrian who brings the world to his villa.
Arch of Constantine
Rome
Roman
312-315 AD
Compare to the arch of Titus. Political propoganda. Chose pieces of monuments from old Rome (referenceing the golden age). Avoids the classic style and aricrosity.
Basilica of Constantine,
with colossal portait of Constantine
Rome
Roman
315-330 AD
Featuring new technology in common building (intersecting vaults and few columns).
Colossal portait of Constantine
from Basilica of Constantine
Rome
Roman
315-330 AD
Seated like jupiter (not christ) and quoting Augustus. Features a serene look watching over the basilica (new power).
