Midterm 2 Flashcards
A vaccination program should be combined with (2)
Proper nutrition & management practice
The mechanical act of administering a vaccine for the purpose of developing immunity in an animal is
A vaccination
Management practices are
Stress & sanitary measures
Antigen or antibodies of disease who’s causative agents have been identified is known as
Biological Agents
Preparation of killed, living or attenuated microorganisms introduced into the body to produce immunity to a disease is known as a
Vaccine
Name 5 forms of vaccines
Living virus Attenuated/Modified Killed Bacterins Toxoids
This vaccine does not cause healthy animals to contract a disease. Its used to stimulate antibody production against a virus
Living Virus Vaccine
This vaccines organism will stimulate antibody formation without producing disease symptoms. Growth and subsequent change in an organism in an animal
Attenuated/Modified
This vaccine uses Physical or chemical agents are used to destroy a pathogenic organism
Killed Vaccine
This vaccine suspensions of killed pathogens bacteria used to stimulate immunity
Bacterins
This vaccine is a physical or chemical inactivated toxin
Toxoids
Viral Vaccines
Must be propagated in living tissue. Originally grown in host animal. Grown in chick embryos. Currently propagated in tissue cultures
Bacterial Vaccines
Propagated in many environments. Weak antigens
Bacterial Vaccines: weak antigens (adjuvant is)
Acts to increase favorable immunity by slowing down absorption
Anti-Serums
Hyper-immune animal passive immunity. Large volume
Hyperimmune Goblins
Fractionation Process, yields a product which is chemically pure, bacteriologically sterile suspension of pure gamma globulins
Name the 4 modes of germicidal action
Oxidation
Coagulation
Chemical reactions
Removal of water or elements that form water
What is oxidation
Oxygen combining chemically with germ or actually oxidizes or burns it
What is coagulation
Fluid state substance forms a clot
What is chemical reaction
Germs form new complex compounds which are free from harmful qualities
Desirable characteristics in germicides
Low price
Effective at ordinary temps
Organic products
Effective after it has been diluted with water
What is Blue Tongue
Non contagious viral disease that affects ruminants
How is Blue Tongue transmitted
Culicoides (biting midges)
Placenta to offspring
Infected semen
Treatment for Blue Tongue
No treatmentn
What causes Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis
Lentivirus
Immunologic
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis: transmitted
Blood
Colostrum (pooled)
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis: treatment
None
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis is endemic in
North america
What is Bovine Tuberculosis
Fatal infection that may affect almost any tissue of the body mainly lungs
Bovine Tuberculosis: causative agent
Mycobacterium
How is Bovine Tuberculosis transmitted
Inhalation aerosols
Zoonotic status for Bovine Tuberculosis
Yes human to animal
Symptoms for Bovine Tuberculosis
Weight loss Lack of appetite Weakness Low grade fever Cough Difficulty breathing
Diagnosis for Bovine Tuberculosis
TB test
Economic status of Bovine Tuberculosis
Michigan deer hunting
What is Canine Parvovirus
Highly contagious viral illness that affects dogs
Canine Parvovirus takes two forms they are
Intestinal and cardiac
Symptoms for Canine Parvovirus
Vomit
Bloody diarrhea
Fever
Lethargy
Canine Parvovirus (CPV) affects the body’s ability to
Absorb nutrients
Canine Parvovirus is transmitted by
Direct contact or indirect contect
Prevention for CPV
Vaccine
Treatment for CPV
None
What is New Castle disease
Contagious fatal viral disease affecting all species of birds
New Castle is caused by what agent
Paramyxoviruse
Incubation period for New Castle disease is
2-15 days
New Castle is prevalent in
Hens
New Castle is transmitted through
Contect
New Castle can cause what
Lesions in part of the digestive system and hemorrhage in the gizzard
New Castle mainly affects what systems
Respiratory
Nervous
Digestive
General symptoms for New Castle disease is
Sneezing Eye neck swelling Death Greenish diarrhea Gasping for air Muscle tremors
Prevention for New Castle
Inactivated vaccine
Treatment for New Castle
None
Zoonotic status for New Castle
Mild conjunctivitis and influenza like symptoms in humans
What is foot rot
A bacterial disease creating dead tissue between the toes. Hoof infection commonly found in sheep, goats, cattle that rots away the foot
Foot Rot is caused by what agent
Fusobacterium Necrophorum anaerobic bacterium
Symptoms for Foot Rot
Swelling between hoof
Placing tow only on the ground
Yellow foul order
Fever
Prevention for Foot Rot
Quarantine
Treatment for Foot Rot
Tetracycline
Foot baths
Contagious Ecthyma is caused by what agent
Poxviridae
Contagious Ecthyma is seen in which species
Sheep and goats
Symptoms for Contagious Ecthyma
Skin lesions lips mouth
Name the stages of skin lesions
Papule
Vesicle
Pustule
Crusted lesion
Treatment for Contagious Ecthyma
None
Prevention for Contagious Ecthyma
Quarantine
Zoonotic status for Contagious Ecthyma
Yes
Bovine Viral Diarrhea is
A viral disease of cattle and ruminants
Bovine Viral Diarrhea is caused by which agent
Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV)
Symptoms for Bovine Viral Diarrhea
Depression Fever Stillborns/abortions Profuse bleeping Immune system damage Ulcers
Bovine Viral Diarrhea can be transmitted two ways, they are
Horizontal-after birth
Vertical-before birth
Bovine Viral Diarrhea: horizontal transmission is
Actue
95% cattle
Acquired after birth
Short term
Bovine Viral Diarrhea: vertical treatment
Chronic
5% cattle
Utero
Infected for life
Bovine Viral Diarrhea: prevention
Quarantine
Name the two strains of the Equine Virus
Equine-1(H7N7) and Equine-2(H3N8)
Incubation period for Equine Influenza
1-3 days
Zoonotic status for Equine Influenza
Can affect humans yes
Transmitting for Equine Influenza
Aresol and reservoirs
Symptoms for Equine Influenza
103-106 temp Dry cough Clear eye discharge Lower limb swelling Reluctant to move
Prevention for Equine Influenza
Vaccin
Economic impact for Equine Influenza
The great epizootic of 1872 no horse power
What is Scrapie
Fatal brain disease known as mad cow
Scrapie is known as these 3 things
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Mad cow disease
Which countries are free from Scrapie
New Zealand and Australia
Scrapie began where
Great Britain
Symptoms for Scrapie
Behavior changes, skin irritation and posture/movement change
Treatment for Scrapie
None
Zoonotic status for Scrapie
Not transmissible to humans
What is Black Leg Disease
Bacterium that enters the body by ingestion that makes small punctures in the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. Fatal disease of young cattle, goats and sheep.
What is the causative agent for Black Leg
Clostridium chauvoei gas producing bacteria
Black Leg is also known as
Black Quarter
Quarter ill
Symptoms for Black Leg
Unable to walk Loses appetite Fever Shoulder,back,neck swelling Swelling will make Cracking sounds
How does Black Leg affected cattle
Gradual poisoning
Treatment for Black Leg
Antibiotics
Penicillin
Prevention for Black Leg
Clostridial vaccine
What is Feline Leukemia
Transmittable RNA retrovirus that inhibits the immune system and ultimately causes death
Transmitted for Feline Leukemia
Direct contact
Bodily fluids
Sharing water food bowls
Symptoms for Feline Leukemia
Weight loss Pale gums Fever Seizures Jaundice Lethargy
Treatment for Feline Leukemia
None
Prevention for Feline Leukemia
Vaccine
Causative agent for Lyme Disease
Borrelia Burgdorferi bacteria Ixodes Scapulari (deer and black legged tick) Ixodes Pacificus (black legged tick)
Treatment for Lyme Disease
Doxycycline
Amoxicillin
Ceftriaxone
Equine Herpesvirus causes
Abortions
Respiratory disease
Neurological disease
Symptoms for Equine Herpesvirus
102 fever Nasal discharge Cough Reddish membranes Weakness Loss of coordination Brain dysfunction
Equine Herpesvirus: Transmitted
Horse to horse contact
Aerosolization
Equine Herpesvirus: treatment
None
Equine Herpesvirus: prevention
Wash hands/tack
What is Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV)
Enlargement and twisting of stomach
GDV is also known as
Bloat or twisted stomach
Causes of GDV
Dry food
High fat food
Big meals
Which breeds are prone to GDV
Great Dane St. Bernard Weimaraner Older dogs 99+lbs dogs
Symptoms for GDV
Distended stomach (rib area)
Inability to vomit
Hyper-salivation
Which was doses the stomach usually turn in GDV
Clockwise
Prevention of GDV
Small meals
Gastropexy
Treatment for GDV
Stabilization
Gastric decompression
Surgery
What is Canine Adenovirus (CAV-1)
DNA virus that causes upper respiratory tract of infection which causes Canine Hepatitis
Canine Adenovirus targets which organs
Liver
Kidney
Endothelial Cells
Canine Adenovirus spreads into the blood stream and localized WBCs called what
Kupffer Cells
Canine adenovirus is transmitted through
Feces and saliva
Symptoms for Canine Adenovirus
Blue eyes Fever Abd pain V/D Tonsillitis
Treatment for Canine Adenovirus
Blood transfusion
Eye drops
Prevention for Canine Adenovirus
CAV-2 vaccine
Canine Adenovirus can affect what other species
Wolves
Coyotes
Bears
What is Erysipelas
Infectious disease caused by a bacterium
Erysipelas is mainly found in which animal
Growing adult pigs
What is the causative agent for Erysipelas
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae
An outbreak of Erysipelas what seen which year and where
South Dakota in 1928
Erysipelas is transmitted by
Feces
Urine
Saliva
Skin wounds
Erysipelas can last how long in soil or feces
6 months
Name the 3 clinical stages of Erysipelas
Acute septicemia
Diamond Skin Disease
Chronic
Erysipelas: acute septicemia signs are
Sudden death Cauliflower like lesions Fever Purple/Reddened skin on ears Abortion
Erysipelas: diamond skin disease signs
Diamond shape lesions on back and rump caused by thrombosis
Dead tissue
Erysipelas: chronic signs
Arthritis
Endocarditis
Skin necrosis
Erysipelas: treatment
Penicillin
Erysipelas: zoonotic
Can transmit to humans by direct contact
What is Pregnancy Toxemia
Carbohydrate metabolism disturbance that results in low sugar levels, ketosis and fatty infiltration of the liver
Pregnancy Toxemia affects which animals
Ewes and does
Pregnancy Toxemia is also known as (3)
Pregnancy Disease
Twin Lamb Disease
Ketosis/Lambing Paralysis
Symptoms for Pregnancy Toxemia
Off feed Head drop Poor muscle control Abortion Blind Convulsions Coma
Pregnancy Toxemia: treatment
Vitamin B
Give glucose
No steep changes in feed
Pregnancy Toxemia: prevention
Urine test
Manage food
Ultrasound for fetus check
