MIDTERM 2 Flashcards
Learning
the durable (relatively permanent) modification of behavior in response to information acquired through specific experiences
- ability to learn is an adaptation
Benefits of learning - the animals benefits from experiences so that is behavior is better suited to environmental conditions
Associative Learning
Learning that occurs when we make a connection or association between 2 or more items
Sensitization
type of single stimulus learning
become more sensitive to a stimulus over time
habituation
type of single stimulus learning
less sensitive to stimulus over time
Pavlovian/Operant Conditioning
a stimlus is substitutes for that that is already associated with a behavior - animal learns to associate it with the new stimulus for a reward
- Reward follows the stimulus
-Unconditioned response (salivation)
- Unconditioned stimulus (food)
-Salivation is Conditioned response when it occurs in response to conditioned stimulus (bell)
Overshadowing
Pavlovian effect on ability to learn
learned response to a US stronger when presetned with one stimulus as oppsed to 2 simultaneous US stimuli
Blocking - pavlovian effect on learning
when a previously developed association between a US1 and a response prevents an individual from associating a new stimulus (US2) with that response
Latent Inhibition - Pavlovian Effect on learning
delayed inhibition of learning
Operant Conditioning
Animal learned to associate a voluntary activity with the consequences that follow
- the animal must perform an act in response to stimulus to get reward, reward follow the behavior, not the stimulus
Operant response
a learned action that an animal makes to change its environment
adaptive value
when an act has favorable consequences, it will be repeated – taste aversion
Social/Observational Learning
animal learns a task by observing or sensing what another animal is doing
Insight learning
an animal makes new associations between previously learned tasks in order to solve a new problem
Costs of learning
- possibility of learning incorrectly
- cost of neural machinery, energy to maintain and create workings in brain
- takes time to learn a response
Parental Behavior
any behavior toward a reproductively immature organism that increases the likelihood the immature individual will survive to maturity
