Midterm 2

Question 1

What is cancer??

Answer 1

A chronic non-communicable disease that is caused by the uncontrollable proliferation of damaged/ mutated cells without anything stopping it.

Question 2

What is mutation?

Answer 2

Changes in DNA or genes that lead to the growth of an abnormal cell that doesn’t function as it would in most circumstances.

Question 3

What is the cause of abnormal cells?

Answer 3

Mutation, changes in the DNA or genes.

Question 4

What are the two important proteins that help remove damaged cells and allow new cells to divide? And what would happen if there was a mutation in the genes?

Answer 4

Tumor suppressor Gene encodes for tumor suppressor protein and it stops uncontrollable cell division. If there is a mutation abnormal cells could divide uncontrollably without anything stopping it. Protonco genes make protnco protein that promotes cell division to replace damaged cells with new ones. If this one was damaged, it would just be called oncogene which causes cells to provide uncontrollably and even bypass restrictions from tumor suppressor proteins.

Question 5

What are the two main types of cancer?

Answer 5

Solid tumors and blood cancers. Solid tumors involve carcinomas which are in major organs and examples are breast lung colon and kidney cancer. Sarcomas occur and connective tissue and examples are muscles and bones. And in blood cancer there is leukemia which begins in bone marrow and lymphoma which begins in lymph nodes

Question 6

What happens in a stage 4 tumor

Answer 6

In a stage 4 tumor, the tumor has broken free of its capsule. There are lots of blood vessels supplying it and it has metastasized