Midterm 2

Question 1

Macromolecule

Answer 1

Large organic molecule containing lots of smaller molecules (monomers) joined together into polymer

proteins, nucleic acid, proteins, polysaccharides

Question 2

Monomer

Answer 2

A small molecule that can covalently bind to similar molecules to form a larger molecule

Question 3

Polymer

Answer 3

Large molecule composed of small repeating units (monomers) binded together
proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides

Question 4

Condensation/Dehydration RXN

Answer 4

2 molecules are joined covalently w/ the removal of an OH- from one an an H+ from another to form water
joining monomers into polymers
endergonic

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

breaks polymers into monomers by adding water exergonic

Question 6

Carbohydrate

Answer 6

molecules that contain a carbonyl group, several hydroxyl groups & multiple CH bonds

Question 7

Monosaccharide

Answer 7

a simple sugar and the fundamental unit of carbohydrates (monomer)
cannot be hydrolyzed to form smaller carbs

Question 8

Polysaccharide

Answer 8

A large, complex carbohydrate molecule made up of long chains of smaller sugar units (monosaccharides) linked together by glycosidic bonds, serving primarily as energy storage or structural components within organisms

Question 9

Glycosidic Linkage

Answer 9

a covalent bond forms thru condensation RXN that joins 2 sugar monomers; joins the residues of a polysaccharide

Question 10

Starch

Answer 10

a complex carb that is stored in plants as a source of energy

Question 11

Glycogen

Answer 11

a polysaccharide of glucose that stores energy in animals, fungi, and bacteria

Question 12

Compare and contrast the three-dimensional structures and functions of starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

Answer 12

Glucose - monomer, animals, coiled (branched closely together) Storage

Starch - plants, coiled & slightly less branched together than glucose

Cellulose - plants, linear & provides structure for plant cell walls

Question 13

Bonds between Glucose

Answer 13

Glycosidic Linkages

Question 14

Bonds between Glycerol & 3 fatty acids

Answer 14

Ester bond

Question 15

similarities among macromolecules?

Answer 15

used as E source
Used to build structures
Used to store E

Question 16

Name the three tissue systems in plants, and describe their functions.

Answer 16

dermal tissue outside (covering and protecting the plant), ground tissue (providing support, storage, and photosynthesis in middle), & vascular tissue (transporting water and nutrients) on inside

Question 17

Biosynthesis

Answer 17

create compounds thru enzyme catalyzed rxns

Question 18

Anabolic

Answer 18

dehydration/condensation rxns, building things require E (endergonic) & high->low entropy

Question 19

Catabolic

Answer 19

Hydrolysis -> exergonic breaking things apart low->high entropy