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consciousness > midterm 2 > Flashcards

midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is true deception?

A

deception with theory of mind

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2
Q

stereotypical deception

A

unintentional deception
- ex: built-in-deception systems
→ camouflage

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3
Q

Is communication language?

A

no

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4
Q

Is language communication?

A

yes

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5
Q

what is the only condition for consciousness?

A

to have qualia

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6
Q

is language a precondition to consciousness?

A

no

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7
Q

IS passing the MSR proof of consciousness

A

No, but it may be a good test for some forms of consciousness

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8
Q

What 2 brain areas are looked at for proof of consciousness ?

A

Brainstem & Thalami-cortical complex

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9
Q

What is the Rich club in the brain?

A

areas densely packed dw/ neurons seemed to be involved in consiousness
→ 6 hubs on each hemisphere

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10
Q

what is the encephalization quotient (EQ)?

A

ratio b/t brain mass & expected brain mass for animal that size

humans = 7.5

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11
Q

what are the different types of ways to categorize animals based on consciousness

A
  1. DICHOTOMY
    → conscious v. unconscious
  2. CONTINUUM
    → degrees of consciousness
    3.SPACE WITH MANY DIFF DISCONTINUITIES
    → many different types of consciousness
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12
Q

what is the function of consciousness ?

A

consciousness MUST have a function + adaptive value for survival

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13
Q

alternate view of consciousness evolution

A

consciousness accidentally occurred

Problem: can’t explain QUALIA INVERSION (why aren’t some subjective experiences reversed?

→ functional sign. of qualia
- Congential insensitivity to pain (CIP)
~~ unable to feel pain

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14
Q

Selfish Gene Theory

A

ultimate beneficiary of natural selection is the GENE

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15
Q

Evidence against Lamarckism (soft inheritance)

A

Traits are passed on thru germ cells (sex cells)
→ any changes to phenotype will not be passed on

only germ cells can affect somatic cells

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16
Q

Darwin’s view on directed evolution

A

No built-in direction
- no guarantee species will survive even if they put effect

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17
Q

Directed evolution

A

conscious effort directs evolution of species across time

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18
Q

Lamarckism

A

-Inheritance of acquired characteristics

-Great chain of being (evolutionary ladder)

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19
Q

reality of path of evolution?

A

evolution is like a branching tree (evolved to best match condition of life + environ.

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20
Q

evolution’s steps

A
  1. Variation
  2. Selection
  3. Hereditary
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21
Q

Evolutionary forces

A
  1. Natural selection
  2. Genetic DRFIT (random events cause incr/decr. in certain genes of pop)
  3. Genetic FLOW [intro. of new variation into new pop.]
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22
Q

Alfred R. Wallace

A

discovered evolution by natural selection @ same time as Darwin

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23
Q

Darwin’s contribution

A

providing mechanism to explain how evolution worked

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24
Q

Natural Selection

A

variation in structure/habits must occur that is advantage for survival in relation to condition of life + environ.

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25
Q

is attention necessary for consciousness?

A

yes

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26
Q

Is attention sufficient for consciousness?

A

No

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27
Q

is attention involuntary grabbed or intentionally directed?

A

both

28
Q

Involuntary control of attention

A

VENTRAL attention syst
→ RIGHT hemisphere
→ Tempo-parietal Junction (TPJ) & Dental Frontal Cortex

29
Q

Voluntary Control

A

DORSAL attention system
→ BILATERAL
→ Intraparietal sulcus & Front eye-field

30
Q

Serial search

A

voluntary

31
Q

Parallel search

A

involuntary

32
Q

Neisser’s Feature Theory

A

differences/similarity in features makes you use diff types of attention

33
Q

Attentional Blink

A

phenomenon where the processing of a second target stimulus is impaired when it appears shortly after the first stimulus due to attention system briefly shutting down (recovery)

34
Q

Libet’s Half-second delay

A

neuronal adequacy
→ there needs to be 0.5s stimulation in cortex to become aware of stimulation of something

35
Q

Libet’s explanation of delay

A

subjective referral of sensory experience backward in time

-sensory exp are subjectively referred back in time

**consciousness does really trail 0.5 behind real world but we don’t realize it **

36
Q

how does brain know what pt in time to refer back to?

A

evoked potential

37
Q

evoked potential (EP)

A

the primary neural signal that is sent to brain after touch (etc)

38
Q

fmri

A

good = spatial resolution
poor= temp resolution

39
Q

EEG

A

good= temp resolution
poor= spatial resolution

40
Q

ECog

A

good = spatial & temp resolution
con: invasive

41
Q

unconscious inference (Helmholtz )

A

involuntary reflex-like mechanism - part of visual perception

42
Q

does subliminal detection work? (sub threshold)

A

yes only very simple words
- semantic priming

43
Q

consciousness

A

slow, effortful, controlled, flexible

44
Q

Unconscious

A

fast, automatic, inflexible, effortless

45
Q

causal efficacy

A

idea that our conscious system is making decisions
- we choose to do what we want to

46
Q

role of consciousness in decision making

A

conscious perception does not occur fast enough to affect action

aka: conscious perception is not needed for skilled mvmt

47
Q

5 types of consciousness

A
  1. always conscious
  2. initially unconscious → can be brought under conscious control (breathing)
  3. Initially conscious (learning)→ become unconscious
  4. Either conscious or unconscious (driving)
  5. always conscious
48
Q

system for conscious processing

A

VENTRAL stream
-“what”
-object processing/ identification
- vision for perception

49
Q

system for unconscious processing

A

DORSAL stream
-“where”
-spatial processing
- vision for action

50
Q

what does blindsight reveal about conscious/unconscious systems?

A

Damage to ventral (conscious) stream causes patient to have vision w/o consciousness
→ vision processing is unconscious

51
Q

sensory substitution

A

processing of info thru diff senses can give insight of world
→ becomes another sense and is able to become unconsciously processed
- ex: Braille (with eventual practice it becomes instantly readable & Unconsciously processed)

52
Q

anesthesia

A

induces UNRESPONSIVENESS + AMNESIA

53
Q

Isolated Forearm Technique (IFT)

A

blood flow cut off to arm shows movement even thru anesthesia
→ patients an be aware & responsive during anesthesia

54
Q

when does consciousness vanish under anesthesia?

A

when anesthetics produce func. disconnection across Brain → INTERRUPTING CORTICAL COMMUNICATION
(blocking ability to integrate info)

55
Q

role of Thalamus

A

‘consciousness switch’

56
Q

Determinism

A

universe runs by deterministic laws of physics
- “predetermined”
- free will is an illusion

57
Q

Moral Responsibility

A

if we are NOT free to choose own actions then
→ we are not responsible for them

58
Q

epistemic randomness

A

uncertainty due to lack of knowledge

59
Q

ONTOLOGICAL randomness

A

event truly random by own nature
- SUPERPOSITION (element can be at 2 states at same time)
→ schrodinger’s cat: both dead an alive in a box
-whichever it ends up as when u open box is truly ontologically random

60
Q

what is requirement for free will?

A

ontological randomness

61
Q

what areas of the brain in are active during voluntary actions (volition)?

A

-SMA (supplementary motor area)
-ACC (anterior cingulate cortex)
-Broca’s area

62
Q

what areas of the brain in are active during involuntary actions

A

-cerebellum
-premotor cortex

63
Q

damage to brain

A

lesion to

left frontal lobe (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex)
- reduces cogn. flexibility & inhibition

preSMA
- automatic action in response to environ. trigger

Prefrontal cortex & corpus callosum
- alien hand syndrome (hand has own free will)

64
Q

libet on voluntary motor actions

A

voluntary motor actions preceded by readiness potential (RP)

-Consciousness comes too late to cause action
Concluded: consciousness can allow motor action to proceed or veto action

65
Q

Summary of consciousness conclusion

A
  1. unconscious brain activity starts process of voluntary act
  2. just before its carried out, consciousness may veto or allow proceed action
66
Q

When does unconscious brain activity start process of voluntary act

A

500ms before act

  • CONSCIOUS BRAIN ACTIVITY BEGINS LATER

consciousness (1 decks)

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