midterm 2

Question 1

what is pesticide data based on in Canada

Answer 1

based on how much sold not used

Question 2

what is main regulatory body for pesticides in Canada

Answer 2

pest control products act

Question 3

what is a pesticide

Answer 3

any substance or mixtures of substances used to destroy, suppress, or alter the life cycle of any test

Question 4

how are neonics applied

Answer 4

applied onto seeds or soil prior to planting and/or spray onto foliage

Question 5

what is neonic target

Answer 5

piercing-sucking insects (aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies)

Question 6

what is imidacloprid half life in water and soil

Answer 6

water: 30 - 162 days

soil: 1-2 years

Question 7

where does imidacloprid have a high absorption tendency

Answer 7

dry soil

Question 8

what is log Kow of imidacloprid and what does it mean

Answer 8

log Kow = 0.57

means highly water soluble

Question 9

how does normal neurotransmission vs nemonic work

Answer 9

Normal: AChE breaks down ACh, prevents overstimulation of ACh receptors

Neonnic: AChE can’t break down neonics, blocks ACh receptors (causes paralysis)
(acts as false neurotransmitter)

Question 10

why are neonics more dangerous for insects

Answer 10

they have higher affinity (binds more tightly/remains bound to) ACh receptors in invertebrates

Question 11

Is receptor binding permanent or temporary? what are effects of this

Answer 11

irreversible so permeant effects are cumulative with time and delayed toxicity exhibited

Question 12

what are 4 main causes of bee declines

Answer 12

• diseases/parasites
  -pesticides
  -monocultures
  -flowerless landscapes

Question 13

how are bees exposed to neonics

Answer 13

dermal and oral exposures

Question 14

how do neonics affect bees (adults and larvae)

Answer 14

adults: neurological disorders

larvae: reduced survival, pupation, altered metabolism. reduces olfactory response in adults

Question 15

what is the only neonic we have guidelines for

Answer 15

imidacloprid

Question 16

how do neonics affect song birds

Answer 16

reduced fueling and delays migration

reduced body mass

Question 17

are lab species the most sensitive to neonics

Answer 17

not always

but guidelines are based of them

Question 18

what is SSDs

Answer 18

species sensitivity distribution

models of the variation in sensitivity of species to a particular stressor

Question 19

what is the goal of a SSDs

Answer 19

predict concentration that will protect a given percentage of species in the environment

Question 20

are there direct neonic effects to vertebrates

Answer 20

low-direct toxicity, though could be endocrine disrupter

Question 21

what are restrictions implemented for clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam

Answer 21

cannot be sprayed before or during bloom for many plants

foliar applications to pomme fruit, stone fruit, certain tree nuts with high pollinator attractiveness

restrictions on soil application too