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FNN 202 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 2nd leading cause of death in Canada?

A

CVD

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2
Q

What is the 6th/7th leading cause of death in Canada?

A

diabetes

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3
Q

Which ethnic populations are more likely to get diabetes?

A
  1. south asians (6x more likely)
  2. African/African Caribbean = 3x more likely
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4
Q

How many deaths in canada each year are a result of CVD?

A

51,000

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5
Q

How many deaths in canada each year are a result of diabetes?

A

6800 (or 25,000)

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6
Q

What are the current Canadian recommendations for fibre intake?

A

Women = 25 g
Men = 38 g

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7
Q

there is a _____ reduction in CVD for every ____ grams of additional fibre

A

9% reduction, for every 7 grams of additional fibre

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8
Q

there is a _____ reduction in stroke for every ____ grams of additional fibre

A

7%, 7g (there is a greater effect for insoluble fibre than soluble fibre)

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9
Q

the SACN recommends an increase in dietary fibre to ____ g/day for adults 16+

A

30 g / day (through a variety of sources), in order to reduce disease

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10
Q

The goal of the North Karelia project was to target the following risk factors:

A
  1. smoking
  2. cholesterol
  3. blood pressure
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11
Q

The North Karelia project involved the development of comprehensive community based interventions, including:

A
  1. health services
  2. industry
  3. media
  4. public policy
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12
Q

what was used to evaluate the North Karelia Project?

A
  1. population surveys
  2. disease registers
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13
Q

What are the 5 different diabetes classifications?

A
  1. impaired glucose intolerance
  2. type 1
  3. type 2
  4. gestational
  5. undiagnosed
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14
Q

Why has the # of people with type 2 diabetes in canada increased?

A
  1. aging population
  2. higher obesity rates
  3. sedentary lifestyles
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15
Q

4.increased immigration from high-risk populations

A
  1. increased aboriginal population
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16
Q

the highest rates of diabetes in canada are in:

A

ontario

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17
Q

the risk of type 2 diabetes is highest in the following 5 populations

A
  1. asian
  2. south asian -6x
  3. african - 3x
  4. aboriginal - 3-5x
  5. hispanic
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18
Q

almost ___ % of new canadians come from populations that are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes

A

80%

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19
Q

what are the 9 factors associated with type 2 diabetes?

A
  1. diet
  2. obesity
  3. smoking
  4. dyslipedmia
  5. macrovascular disease
  6. hypertension
  7. stress/depression
  8. SES
  9. physical activity
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20
Q

What is the CANRISK?

A
  • the canadian diabetes risk questionnaire
  • it is a good public health tool
  • people can do it themselves of professionals can do it with cleints
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21
Q

Diabetics have ___ x higher rates of depression

A

2-3x

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22
Q

Type 2 diabetes can increase risk for:

A
  1. heart disease
  2. stroke.
  3. high bp
  4. premature death

Diabetes is the single largest cause of blindness, and a leading cause of kidney failure and lower limb amputation

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23
Q

What age is most at risk for diabetes?

A

Working age canadians (age 35-45 is when it picks up), it then tapers off

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24
Q

the onset of type 2 diabetes can be prevented through these 3 things:

A
  1. increased physical activity
  2. healthy eating
  3. weight loss
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25
Q

what type of diet is recommended for someone with diabetes?

A

low sugar
low sodium
high whole grains
high fibre
high F&V

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26
Q

according to the CCHS, what % of canadians 12+ consume 5+ servings of F&V per day?

A

41%

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27
Q

The WHO and the Canadian Heart ands troke foundation recommend ___ % of total energy intake from free sugars, while the SACN study suggested __ %

A

10%, 5%

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28
Q

If you drink sugary drinks, they increase your risk of diabetes by __ % per day

A

18%

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29
Q

Canadians drink ____ L of soft drinks per person per year

A

101 L

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30
Q

The main source of all types of diabetes costs is:

A

complications

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31
Q

what is the best way to prevent diabetes?

A

lifestyle interventiosn

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32
Q

what was the objective of the Diabetes Prevention Program? It was a lifestyle intervention to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in ________

A

at risk populations

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33
Q

It is easier to prevent diabetes when using these 3 stratgeies:

A
  1. individual education
  2. health communication
  3. screening
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34
Q

Coulagiri suggests that in order to combat diabetes, we should:

A
  1. emphasize lifestyle interventions that target high risk populations
  2. a comprehensive approach to targeting diabetes prevention that affects all people in our society
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35
Q

What did Colagiuri’s article state?

A
  • RCTs show that type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed through lifestyle modifications and medication (to a lesser degree) in HIGH RISK POPULATIONS
  • social policy is the key to achieving and sustaining social and physical environments required to achieve widespread reductions in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes
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36
Q
A
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37
Q
A
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38
Q

Colagiuri explored the following areas for successful intervention:

A
  1. science
  2. surgery
  3. service delivery
  4. social policy
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39
Q

According to Colagiuri, what is the best approach to preventing risk factors for diabetes?

A

high risk approach combined with a populatin approach

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40
Q

what was the US Diabetes prevention program?

A

showed that lifestyle interventions were effective in preventing diabetes. metformin was also to a lesser extent

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41
Q

What are the 3 principal types of evaluation design?

A
  1. evaluation of process
  2. evaluation of impact
  3. evaluation of outcome
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42
Q

what are the methods involved in evaluating the process of a program?

A
  1. observations
  2. interviews
  3. analysis of program activity
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43
Q

when evaluating a public health intervention, all evaluations require:

A
  1. a clearly defined objective - guides what measures to use
  2. a distinct target population
  3. appropriate methodology
  4. data collection, data processing, analysis
  5. an evaluation report
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44
Q

this type of evaluation focuses on the procedures involved in programme delivery

A

process evaluation

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45
Q

this type of evaluation focuses on whether the implementation went according to plan

A

process evaluation

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46
Q

this type of evaluation should begin soon after programme implementation and should be monitored throughout its duration

A

process evaluation

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47
Q

appropriate methods of ____ evaluation include observations, interviews, and analysis of programme activity

A

process evaluation

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48
Q

this type of evaluation would look at questions like:

  • how was the programme provided?
  • were there any significant barriers to effective provision?
  • what population groups and how many individuals were reached by the program?
  • how does this compare with the planed activity and target group?
  • what was the quality of the service according to participants?
A

process evaluation

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49
Q

this type of evaluation would assess the immediate effects of the intervention on participants and other stakeholders

A

impact evaluation

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50
Q

using ____ evaluation at an early stage of the program can guide service development if the expected changes are not evident

A

impact evaluation

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51
Q

both ____ and ____ look at the effect of an intervention on health and health behaviours

A

impact evaluation and outcome evaluation

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52
Q

this type of evaluation assesses the longer term effects of the intervention

A

outcome evaluation

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53
Q

this type of evaluation looks at things like changes in risk factors, morbidity, equity, quality of life

A

outcome evaluation

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54
Q

reduced prevalence of obesity, or reduced mortality, are examples of

A

outcome evaluations

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55
Q

evidence from ____ evaluations should help inform future funding and commissing decisions, and may contribute to the evidence base used for the introduction of specific health policies

A

outcome evaluations

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56
Q

incorporating simple cost analyses/economic evaluations is particularly useful for:

A

outcome evaluations

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57
Q

why should we evaluate public health interventions and programs?

A
  1. it gives evidence to influence future practice and policy
  2. it informs decisions to continue intervention programs
  3. it helps recommend service improvements that can be implemented during the intervention
  4. it will increase an interventions effectiveness
  5. it will guide future work
  6. it will plan and inform policy
  7. to compare investment costs
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58
Q

the story of eatright ontario is an example of:

A

a situation where it was defunded because it wasnt porperly evaluated

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59
Q

this type of intervention asks the question “what changes have occurred as a result of the program, which would be expected to influence program-relevant health outcomes?

A

impact evaluation

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60
Q

this type of evaluation looks at changes in attitudes, beliefs, behaviours

A

impact evaluation

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61
Q

this type of evaluation is based on scale and timelines of the anticipated program

A

outcome evaluation

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62
Q

what are typical non-RCT design options?

A
  1. post intervention study
  2. paired pre- and post- intervention study
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63
Q

what ethical principles do we need to observe to evaluate a program ethically?

A
  1. informed consent
  2. right to withdraw
  3. do no harm
  4. confidentiality and anonymity
  5. no conflicts of interest
  6. dissemination of findings
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64
Q

ethnic populations are at higher risk of developing deit-related chronic disease

A
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65
Q

______ is the ability to provide a high quality care to clients with diverse values, beliefs, and behaviours

A

cultural competency

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66
Q

what are the 3 compoents of cultural competency?

A
  1. do i manage my own prejudice?
  2. am i communicating respectfully across cultures
  3. do i understand a client’s group culture by asking open questions?
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67
Q

what are the 6 steps to planning a health promotion program?

A
  1. manage the planning process
  2. conduct a situational assessment
  3. set goals, audiences, and outcome objectives
  4. choose strategies and activities and assign resources
  5. develop indicators
  6. review the plan
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68
Q

if we want to plan a nutrition program, what are the 7 steps to the program planning cycle?

A
  1. identify key nutrition-related problem
  2. set goal
  3. define objective for the goal
  4. create quantitative target
  5. develop program
  6. implement program
  7. evaluate program
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69
Q

narrowing down the target audience is part of this step in the program planning cycle:

A

step 1: identify key nutrition related problem

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70
Q

What is the CCDSS?

A

Canadian chronic disease surveillance system

Can help give more info on pervasive health issues in the region, which is important for step 1 of the program planning cycle (identify key nutrition-related problem)

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71
Q

in the program planning cycle, what is the difference between objectives and goals?

A

objectives =more specific, may influence goals

Goal = more F&V
Objective = more specific

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72
Q

in the program planning cycle, you need to develop specific targets for each _____

A

objective

73
Q

What does SWOT analysis stand for? when is it used in the program planning cycle?

A

Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats

We consider it during the development and implementation phase of programs

74
Q

During the development and implementation phase of programs, what are 2 things we do:

A
  1. use SWOT analysis
  2. assess risks and benefits
75
Q

What are some reasons that we evaluate public health nutrition programs?

A
  1. for funding agencies
  2. to influence decisions
76
Q

if you want to make the case for your public health program, what are 4 things you should do?

A
  1. describe the intended program
  2. document what was implemented
  3. describe participant characteristics
  4. demonstrate the impact of the program
77
Q

What are 7 health implications related to being overweight?

A
  1. high bp
  2. heart disease
  3. type 2 diabetes
  4. stroke
  5. osteoarthritis
  6. co-morbidities (ex: sleep apnea)
  7. cancers
78
Q

what are 5 health implications related to being under weight?

A
  1. infertility
  2. low immune system
  3. low muscle mass
  4. osteoporosis
  5. hair loss
79
Q

what are 5 health implications related to being under weight and overweight?

A
  1. gallbladder disease
  2. hormonal imbalances
  3. weight cycling
  4. depression/mental health issues
  5. eating disorders
80
Q

what are 3 characteristics of an obesogenic environment?

A
  1. Saturated fats, sugar sweetened foods/drinks are available
  2. less opportunity for physical activity due to social and physical barriers
  3. increased mechanization (so more sedentary)
81
Q

according to public health, obesity is defined by these 2 anthropometric measures:

A
  1. BMI (>30)
  2. waist circumference (>94-102, or >80-88)
82
Q

____ is the ability to provide high quality care to clients with diverse values, beliefs, and behaviours

A

cultural competency

83
Q

___ involves tailoring delivery to meet clients’ social, cultural, and linguistic needs

A

cultural competency

84
Q

what are the 3 steps to becoming culturally competent?

A
  1. acquiring cultural knowledge (learning about other world views)
  2. gaining cultural awareness (aware of biases and prejudices)
  3. gaining cultural sensitivity (an awareness of my own cultural beliefs, assumptions, etc)
85
Q

what is the cycle of program planning and evaluation in public health nutrition?

A
  1. define the problem
  2. set goals / objectives
  3. create strategies
  4. create learner activities
  5. create learner assessment
  6. do program evaluation
  7. do program revision
86
Q

In canada, fortification is regulated by ___

A

the food and drug regulations

87
Q

why shouldnt you fortify foods with calcium?

A

it has a low UL

88
Q

What is the Nourishing framework?

A
  • goal: to promote healthy environments
  • Looks at: obesity in the context of public health
89
Q

what are the 3 major elements to consider when creating healthy environments alongside the Nourshing framework?

A
  1. food environment
  2. food systems
  3. behaviour change communication
90
Q

what are the different aspects of the nourishing framework to promote healthy environments?

A
  1. food environment
    - nutrition labels
    - offer healthy foods
    -use economic tools
    - restrict food advertising
    - improve nutritional quality
  2. food systems
    - harness food supply chain
  3. behaviour change communication
    - inform people
    - nutrition advice
    - give nutrition education
91
Q

_____ brings together 10 areas where governments need to take action to promote healthier diets and reduce obesity

A

the nourishing framework

92
Q

____ are man-made infrastructures consisting of buildings, parks, etc. they provide a setting for human activity

A

built environments

93
Q

_______ refers to a societal environment which

  1. encourages intake of high-energy foods and drinks
  2. sedentary behaviours (decreased physical activity + increased screen time)
A

obesogenic environment

94
Q

what are the 2 components of obesogenic environments?

A
  1. hgih energy foods
  2. sedentary (lots of screen time, decreased physical activity
95
Q

do parents recognize unhealthy weight in their children?

A

no

96
Q

how is childhood overweight and obesity diagnosed?

A

calculate BMI and plot it on BMI chart

97
Q

prevention of childhood obesity requires interventions targeting changes in:

A
  1. social norms
  2. behaviours

at the personal, community, and national levels

98
Q

according the the model of community nutrition environments, what are the 4 environmental variables for obesity?

A
  1. community nutrition environment (type and location of food outlets)
  2. organizational nutrition environment (home, school, work)
  3. consumer nutrition environment (the 4 Ps, available healthy options)
  4. information environment ( media, ads)
99
Q

what is the food environment policy index?

A

It was a tool developed by INFORMAS to examine the state of food environment policy in Canada compared to internationally established good practices in critical policy domains, using a 6 step process.

It looks at Canada, what is everyone else doing, and what does Canada need to do.

It created priority actions at PROVINCIAL and FEDERAL government of what they can do better.

100
Q

what is the 6 step process in the Food Environment Policy Index (to examine the food environment policy in Canada compared to internationally established food practices?

A
  1. comprehensively identify food environment policies in Canada
  2. verify this info with government stakeholders and assemble an expert panel
  3. conduct online surveys to rate provincial and territorial policies compared to international benchmarks of current best practices
  4. conduct full-day workshops to rate federal policies compared to international good practices and identify policy and infrastructure
  5. refine policy and infrastructure support actions
  6. prioritize actions to identify the most important and achievable actions for Canada
101
Q

Who has the highest risk of developing health problems?

A

obese class 30, BMI 40> = extremely high risk

102
Q

What is the risk of developing health problems, depending on BMI:

A

<18.5 = underweight = increased risk
18.5 - 24.99 = normal weight = least risk
25-29.99 = overweight = increased risk
30-34.99 = obese class 1 = high risk
35-39.99 = obese class 2 = very high
40> = obese class 3 = extremely high risk

103
Q

Obesity increases risk for the following 8 items:

A
  1. CVD
  2. type 2 diabetes
  3. cancer
  4. pulmonary disease
  5. GI disorders
  6. hepatic disorders
  7. musculoskeletal disorders
  8. reproductive disorders
104
Q

the risk of adverse health effects associated with obesity varies with:

A
  1. age
  2. sex
  3. race
  4. ethnicity
  5. SES
105
Q

What is the issue with current public health messaging on obesity?

A
  1. it is too focused on physical appearance
  2. it is too simplistic
  3. lacks realistic solutions
  4. conveys risk without stigma
106
Q

there are many issues with the current public health msging on obesity. What are 2 areas it should work on addressing:

A
  1. it should recognize the complexity of obesity
  2. it should focus on encouraging health behaviours for everyone of all sizes
107
Q

What are some examples of health promotion strategies to support healthy weights, according to the report?

A
  1. individual skill development
  2. small group development
  3. supportive environments for health
  4. community capacity building
  5. mass information
  6. coalition building and advocacy
  7. healthy public policy
108
Q

____ % of people who carry extra weight are metabolically healthy

A

20-30%

109
Q

what is the obesity paradox?

A

the fact that some people who are overweight are actually metabolically healthier

110
Q

What is the shadow epidemic

A

it is an epidemic around weight bias! it is related to the obesity epidemic

111
Q

_____ % of overweight people report weight bias and stigma

A

50-70%

112
Q

what are the best ways to prevent childhood obesity?

A
  1. targets changes to social norms
  2. target behavioural changes

national, community, and personal level

113
Q

what are some community interventions to address childhood obesity?

A
  1. ANGELO framework
  2. EPODE model
  3. conceptual framework to identify obesogenic elements of environmental settings
114
Q

What does the ANGELO framework stand for?

A

analysis grid for environments linked to obesity

115
Q

What is the ANGELO framework?

A
  • it is a community intervention to address childhood obesity
  • it stands for “analysis grid for environments linked to obesity”
  • it is a tool developed to help communities analyze the environmental influences affecting their physical activity and eating patterns
  • it looks at macro-environment sectors
  • it is a 4 stage process. it looks at: 1) sociocultural analyses 2) stakeholder engagement 3) workshops 4) action planning
116
Q

what does the EPODE model stand for (community intervention to address childhood obesity)?

A

Together
Let’s
Prevent
Childhood
Obesity

117
Q

what is the epode model?

A
  • a community intervention to address childhood obesity
  • stands for “together lets prevent childhood obesity”
  • it says that there are positive changes in population weight when whole communities are involved and take responsibility
  • it takes a multi-stakeholder approach
118
Q

which community intervention for childhood obesity model says that there are positive changes in population weight when whole communities are involved and take responsibility

A

the EPODE model (together lets prevent childhood obesity)

119
Q

what are 6 promosing areas for policy decisions and strategies relating to childhood obesity?

A
  1. school curriculum to include healthy eating, body image
  2. increase PA in school
  3. improve nutritional quality in schools
  4. change environental and cultural practices
  5. support school teachers to implement health promotion
  6. parental support including home activities that encourage kids to be more active
120
Q

who should be involved in addressing obesity in kids (8)

A
  1. health sector
  2. government
  3. food and rec industries
  4. workplaces
  5. schools
  6. parents / caregivers
  7. communities
  8. individuals
121
Q

interventions are more likely to be effective if (12)

A
  1. they target physical activity AND healthy eating
  2. involve parents
  3. culturally sensitive
  4. effective straff training
  5. use participatory activities
  6. were done in collaboration with community programs
  7. include body image awareness
  8. modify school food environments to improve food quality
  9. are universal - dont select child based on weight or risk factor
  10. are delivered by teachers with the support of specialists
  11. are longer in duration, not short term
  12. were integrated into the school curriculum
122
Q

according to Glanz et al, the food environment incorporates 4 different elements:

A
  1. community (type and location of food outlet)
  2. consumer (availability of healthy options, price, promotion, and nutritional info)
  3. organizational (home, school, work)
  4. informational (media and advertising)
123
Q

according to the FOOD epi study which compared canada to international countries, in terms of food environment policies, 5 areas canada was doign well in were:

A
  1. comprehensive food labels on foods
  2. reducing GST for basic, healthy groceries
  3. strong leadership for healthy food environments
  4. policies to ensure transparency
  5. monitoring NCD prevalence
124
Q

according to the FOOD epi study which compared canada to international countries, in terms of food environment policies, 5 areas canada was NOT doing well in were:

A
  1. food labelling for menus
  2. taxes for sugary foods
  3. provide healthy foods through government funding
  4. healthy food policies in retail stores
  5. health in all policies appraoch
125
Q

What was the key message from the technical report on measuring obesity?

A

we need to reinforce HEALTHY EATING and PHYSICAL ACTIVITY to promote metabolic health, regardless of weight, size, shape

126
Q

what 3 questions did the technical report on measuring obesity ask?

A
  1. what is weight bias and stigma? what is the relationship between promoting healthy weight, weight bias, stigma, and discrimination and mental health?
  2. what is the relationship between obesity, mental health, and social determinants of health (across the lifespan)?
  3. what practices are conducive to promoting healthy weight and mental health?
127
Q

what was the purpose of the technical report on measuring obesity?

A

it looked at the current paradigms of thought to address obesity and stigma

128
Q

what are the 2 areas that the technical report on measuring obesity looked at?

A
  1. weight focused vs. well being focused
  2. individual level vs. population level
129
Q

What were the 4 paradigms outlined by the technical report on addressing obesity?

A
  1. weight focused - individual level-> focus on individual behaviour change, with the goal to lose weight
  2. weight focused - population level –> focused on the obesity epidemic, and creating non-obesogenic environments - goal is to reduce prevalence of obesity
  3. well being focused - individual level - focused on person to things to optimize mental and physical well being. want to achieve the best weight while living healthy life. goal is to achieve best weight while living healthiest lifestyle.
  4. well being focused - population level - focusd on creating environemtns that promote positive mental health. goal is to promote flourishing.
130
Q

What are some health promotion strategies to support heathy weight (examples from the technical report on measuring obesity)

A
  1. individual skill development
  2. small group development
  3. supportive environment for health
  4. community capacity building and strengthening community action for heath
  5. mass info / social marketing
  6. coalition building and advocacy
  7. healthy public policy
131
Q

What are the 7 psychological consequences of weight shaming, and the 4 physical consequences of weight shaming?

A

7 psychological consequences:
1. depression
2. anxiety
3. low self esteem
4. loneliness
5. body dissatisfaction
6. poor body image
7. suicidal thoughts

4 physical consequences:
1. eating behaviour
2. physical activity
3. cardiovascular outcomes
4. avoiding medical care

132
Q

What are 3 downsides to cultural competence, which can create further challenges to institutionalizing it?

A
  1. cosmetic movements
  2. lack of inclusivity
  3. unintentional prejudice
133
Q

Change is required at these levels to build culturally competent nutritionists

A
  1. individual level
  2. institutional level
134
Q

_______ is a group of strategies that challenge the approach to nutrition education and dietary interventions

A

cultural competencies

135
Q

to be culturally competent dietitians should be able to:

A
  1. recognize cultural diversity
  2. understand the role that culture plays
  3. understand the SES and political factors that impact the development of culturally diverse groups
  4. help clients understand their own sociocultural identity
  5. be advocates for communities
  6. empower communities
136
Q

what are 3 important aspects of program planning?

A
  1. it needs to be evidence based
  2. it is a continuous process
  3. it attempts to address a nutrition related issue that is relevant to the population
137
Q

What is public health, accordng to week 7?

A
  • inteventions aimed to promote protect peoples health
  • involves a particular end and an action directed towards that end
138
Q

Most things around ethics and public health have focused on:

A

protecting individuals (not protecting populations)

139
Q

Ethics is:

A
  • about making judgments of what is right and wrong
  • strongly based on value systems of individuals and canadians
140
Q

Ethical reflection is needed across which stages?

A

all stages

141
Q

A public health program follows best practices if it does/ is 3 things:

A
  1. if it has statistically significant results for at least some of the program goals
  2. if it is one that can be implemented in many popultions or settings
  3. if it is one that practitioners can rely on as tried and true

Canadian Best practices portal is a great resource!

142
Q

_____ shows one of the greatest protective effects against CVD

A

dietary fibre

143
Q

the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes have increased by ____ since 2009 in Canada

A

42%

144
Q

___ % of Canadians with diabetes are of working age

A

50%

145
Q

according to the CIHI report, what is canada’s prevalence of diabetes compared to other countries?

A

it is lower than new zealand, but higher than other countries.

It is 9.41, compared to 6.66 for other countries

146
Q

according to the CIHI report, what is canada’s performance on diabetes risk factors of obesity, diet, and physical activity, relative to other countries, and relative to public health guidelines

A

relative to other countries, it is below averageit is below average on everything related to obesity, diet, and physical activity compared to other countries and public health guidelines. EXCEPT it is average on physical activity compared to other countries

147
Q

How many litres of soft drinks are drunk per year in france?

A

45 L/per person per year (compared to 101).

so general issue with diabetes in canada compared to other countries - low F&V intake, high sugar intake

148
Q

what are some key findings from the colaguiri study

A
  1. complications are the main source of all types of diabetes costs
  2. diabetes prevention is cost effective, especially for extremely obese people and women with gestational diabetes
  3. prediabetes might be a good window of opportunity for intervention
149
Q

what lifestyle intervention was used to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in at risk populations?

A

the diabetes prevention program

150
Q

what were the 3 strategies of the lifestyle prevention program to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in at risk populations, called diabetes prevention program (DPP)?

A
  1. individual education
  2. health communication
  3. screening
151
Q

What type of data do outcome evaluations use?

A
  1. existing data sources like local public health data
  2. locally commissioned surveys
152
Q

this type of evaluation looks at if the program was implemented as planned

A

process evaluation

153
Q

this type of evaluation asks what changes have occurred as a result of a program which would be expected

A

impact evaluation

154
Q

this type of evaluation compares baseline data collected at the start of the program to data collected at several points during service delivery

A

impact evaluation

155
Q

What types of disparities have african communities experienced?

A
  1. employment level
  2. income level
  3. social support
  4. other socio-ecological influences
156
Q

what are the biggest factors affecting food insecurity among african canadians?

A
  1. racial discrimination
  2. lower education
  3. reliance on social assistance
  4. immigrant status
  5. single motherhood
157
Q

According to the scoping review about food security in african canadian communities, what is food security?

A
  • it is the unrestricted physical and financial access to nutritious foods that meet individuals’ needs and food preferences
  • should be culturally appropriate
  • it should sustain an active and healthy lifestlye
158
Q

What are 2 strategies that ITK proposes for supporting food security in the inuit population ?

A
  1. integrating inuit driven solutions
  2. creating a sustainable food system
159
Q

what is the INFSS?

A

“Inuit Nunangat Food Security Strategy”

  • outlines the stategy proposed by the ITK to address food security among the inuit population
  • it includes 33 recommendations for addressing food security
  • has 5 priority areas:
    1. research and advocacy
    2. food system and wellbeing
    3. legislation and policy
    4. programs and services
    5. knowledge and skills
160
Q

what are the 5 priority areas in the INFSS, to address inuit food secuirty?

A
  1. research and advocacy
  2. food systems and wellbeing
  3. legislation and policy
  4. programs and services
  5. knowledge and skills
161
Q

what % of inuit 15+ experience food insecurity?

A

75%

162
Q

What is Ontario Bill 216?

A

Food literacy for students act

163
Q

what is the Food literacy for students act (ontario bill 216)?

A

mandates food literacy education in every grade in ontario schools

was supported by the food policy council for kingston

goal: to create a secure and sustanable food system

164
Q

with regards to the presentation on the food literacy students act, a study by UWO showed that:

A

a lack of food literacy is a limiting factor to the success of dietary interventions

165
Q

a report written by the national food strategy look at the potential effect of:

A

a SUGAR and SALT reformulation tax in the UK

166
Q

what is the cost of obesity in the UK

A

18 billion dillars

167
Q

Junk food contributes to _____ DALYs (disability adjusted life years) per year

A

1.4 million

168
Q

what is the main reason why people in the UK eat so much sugar and salt?

A

hidden additives in seemingly healthy foods like yogurt and pasta

169
Q

what was the primary purpose for the UK’s sugar and salt reformulation tax?

A

to incentivize manufacturers to reformulate their foods to have less sugar and salt to keepcosts down instead of raising prices

170
Q

what did the national food strategy in 2021 predict the outcome owuld be of the sugar and salt tax

A
  • reduce daily sugar by 4-10g
  • 5 lb weight loss per year
  • produce 2.9-3.4 billion annual revenue
171
Q

how many countries have proposed a beverage sugar tax

A

85

172
Q

the article about SSB in the netherlands looked at 4 things:

A
  1. the economic impact of SSB taxation on the health sectory and on the food indsutry
  2. the impact of taxation on consumer demand
  3. the need for reformulation on industry supplies
  4. the appropriateness of having an SSB intervention
173
Q

what was the reaction the the proposed ssb tax in the netherlands

A

ministeries = wwe should only do tax if its integrated with other interventions

health sector = encoruage it

overall there was contradictory views among stakeholders

174
Q

What type of policy is the SSB tax

A

a financial disincentive policy

175
Q

what was the mission of Mukis market with healthy foods

A

to fortify neighbourhoods through accessible, nutritious food choices and to create lasting positive impacts on community well being

176
Q

how do we evaluate goals and objectives of PHN programs?

A

PUCI!

provision
utilization
coverage
impact

177
Q

how do we evaluate strengths and weaknesses of PHN programs?

A

APP!

adequacy
plausability
probability

178
Q

how can PHN programs be improved?

A

CEPT!

Costs
Efficacy
Practicality
Timing and timeliness

179
Q
A

FNN 202 (2 decks)

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