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BIOL 1070 midterm 2 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Biodiversity

A

the variability among living organisms from all sources including, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part. It is also the variety of species and ecosystems on Earth and the ecological processes of which they are a part; three levels (genetic, species, ecosystem)

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2
Q

Species richness

A

number of species present in an ecosystem or sample

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3
Q

Abundance

A

percent cover, biomass or frequency of individuals per species

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4
Q

Abiotic

A

non-living physical and chemical factors that affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce

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5
Q

Biotic

A

living factors; all the living things that live within and shape an ecosystem

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6
Q

Population

A

the number of individuals of a species within some area at some point in time

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

dynamic interrelated collections of living and non-living components organized in self-regulating units

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8
Q

Hypothesis

A

testable statement about the natural world that can be used to build more complex inferences and explanations

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9
Q

Evenness

A

relative abundance of species in an area. (Often given as “Shannon’s index”)

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10
Q

Woodlot

A

forest in a city (urban forest); remnant forest in a farmer’s field

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11
Q

Community

A

group of species living in an ecosystem at some point in time

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12
Q

Population growth

A

Pt2 = Pt1 + (B) - (D) + (I) - (E), change in the number of individuals during some period of time

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13
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

number of individuals who can be supported in a given area within natural resource limits, and without degrading the environment

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14
Q

Obligate

A

must live with it’s partner species

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15
Q

Facultative

A

can live without its partner species

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16
Q

Mutualism

A

both species derive a mutual benefit, for example an increased carrying capacity

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17
Q

Neutralism

A

the relationship between two species which interact but do not affect each other

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18
Q

Predation or parasitism

A

interaction between organisms or species, in which one organism or species benefits at the expense of another (antagonism

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19
Q

Competition

A

the fitness of both species is lowered by the presence of the other

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20
Q

Commensalism

A

benefits one organism and the other organism is neither benefited nor harmed

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21
Q

Amensalism

A

a product of one organism (i.e. chemical compound) has a negative effect on another organism

22
Q

Ecosystem processes

A

energy flows and the cycling of materials

23
Q

dendrochronology

A

tree age based on the number of rings

24
Q

Point diversity

A

spatial scale decreased to microhabitats

25
Q

Gamma diversity

A

spatial scale increased to include multiple woodlots in a township at a broader landscape scale

26
Q

Physiognomy

A

the most dominant vegetation in a forest

27
Q

Alpha diversity

A

is the number of species in a local forest stand (inventory diversity)

28
Q

Low Beta diversity

A

two ecosystems share the similar species and respective abundance

29
Q

Niche

A

a set of biotic and abiotic conditions in which a species is able to persist and maintain stable population sizes

30
Q

Habitat

A

a region in environmental space that is composed of multiple dimensions, each representing a biotic or abiotic environmental variable

31
Q

Functional trait

A

an attribute of a species that defines them in terms of their ecological roles, such as how they interact with the environment and with other species

32
Q

Functional diversity

A

a biodiversity measure based on functional traits of the species present in a community

33
Q

Ecosystem engineers

A

organisms that directly or indirectly modulate the availability of resources to other species, by causing physical state changes in biotic or abiotic materials

34
Q

IDH

A

maximum species richness in many systems occurs at an intermediate level (of intensity or frequency, or both) of natural disturbance

35
Q

Ecosystem function

A

characteristic exchanges within an ecosystem such as energy and nutrient exchanges, decomposition and production of biomass

36
Q

Adaptive management

A

uses management intervention as a tool to strategically alter the functioning of an ecosystem

37
Q

Comanagement

A

the sharing of authority, responsibility, and benefits between government and local communities in the management of natural resources

38
Q

Scientific method

A

Observation & Assumptions - Hypotheses - Predictions - Experiment - Monitoring - Evaluation

39
Q

Fundamental niche

A

all the possible dimensions in which a species can survive in principle

40
Q

Realized niche

A

the dimensions in which a species actually survives after the effects of biotic interactions

41
Q

Community assemblages

A

development of an ecological niche in a forest along a gradient of time

42
Q

Density dependent

A

regulation of a population by changes in per capita birth or death rates in response to density

43
Q

Density independent

A

regulation of a population by changing only the population size (not the factors affecting carrying capacity)

44
Q

Ecological biogeography

A

the account of the present day distribution of species in terms of abiotic and biotic factors

45
Q

Historical biogeography

A

the reconstruction of speciation, dispersal, establishment, distribution and extinction of species

46
Q

Range

A

The area or location inhibited by species for a defined amount of time

47
Q

Endemic

A

evolved there and only found there

48
Q

Vicariance

A

the physical splitting of a population into smaller, isolated populations by a geographic barrier

49
Q

Nutrients

A

elements whose supply tends to limit biological activity

50
Q

Recruitment

A

number of new individuals reaching breeding age, including immigration

BIOL 1070 midterm 2 (1 decks)

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