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PSY 230 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Economic Crime

A

Property
Fraud
Offense related to currency
Presenting and trafficking of illegal goods

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2
Q

“babe ruth” of white collar crime?

A

Charles Ponzi (1920)
Ponzi scheme
- pay oldest investors with money from new investors
- perhaps stolen from brooklyn bookkeeper william miller
- investors reportedly lost $20mil. equivalent to $225mil in 2011
- died on poverty

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3
Q

Modern monster

A

Bernie Madoff (2009)
- former chair of NASDAQ stock exchange
- used ponzi scheme, largest frauds in US history, $64bil
- invested 19bil in him, involved family

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4
Q

White-collar psychopath

A

those involved in white-collar crime had lower scores on lifestyle criminality but higher on some measures of psychopathology traits

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5
Q

B-scan 360

A

uses rating made by others to measure psychopathic traits in the workplace
preliminary research supports a four-factor model consistent with the PCl-R four factor model

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6
Q

B-scan self

A

self-report measure of corporate psychopathy
replicated four-factor model
facets consistent with other measures of self-reported psychopathy (SRP - 111); positively correlated with dark triad and negatively correlate with the FFM agreeableness and conscientiousness

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7
Q

Institutionalized fraud

A
  • projected profit lines on future imaginary investments
  • executives and trades funneling millions to themselves while company investments tanked
  • lied to the world and their staff
  • employees left pensionless
    Kenneth Lay
  • 45yrs for securities and wire fraud
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8
Q

Elizabeth Holmes guilty of fraud

A

CEO of biotech company
Stanford chemical eng dropput
youngest female self-made billionaire

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9
Q

why join a gang?

A

Social identity theory
Social learning theory

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10
Q

what do they gain?

A
  • camaraderie
  • opportunity
  • status or power
  • financial gain
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11
Q

Big four 1%

A
  1. the hells angels
  2. the outlaws
  3. the bandidos
  4. the pagans
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12
Q

the hells angels

A
  • founded march 1948, bishop family, war immigrants in cali
  • ride harley
  • AKA “HA” “red & white” “81”
  • patches akin to military medals
  • 256 chapters; 65 US, 191 in 27 other countries
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13
Q

The pagans

A
  • founded 1959, prince george maryland
  • blue denim jackets
  • 13 US north east
  • most secretive
  • ties to italian mafia
  • rivals to HA
  • violent in 60s - 70s
  • most active drug trafficking
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14
Q

The outlaws

A

formed in mcCook illinois 1935 (AOA)
- limited in WW2
1950s logo - skull with crossed pistons
- rivals HA (ADIOS)
- 80 chapters in 20 states and 116 chapters in 14 countires

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15
Q

The bandidos

A

formed 1966 huston texas
- 5000 members, 210 chapters 22 countries
- rivals HA
Canada: rock machine montreal merged with bandidos 2000s, turf war against HA

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16
Q

Biker criminality

A

Spontaneous expressive acts
planned aggressive acts
short-term instrumental acts
ongoing instrumental enterprises

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17
Q

Frequencies of crime Big four

A

Outlaws - 347
HA - 209
Bandidos - 50
pagans - 25

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18
Q

Bandidos Shedden Ontario Massacre 2006

A

8 men murdered (6 full patched bandido members) found 4 vehicles in farmer fields
killed by other bandidos in assassination style
internal cleansing

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19
Q

OMG affiliation and crime

A

few differences between bikers and non bikers prior to the PID
OMG affiliations leads to an overall increase in criminal involvement specifically in property, drug and weapon crimes

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20
Q

Aranakan & Kunlangeta

A

Aranakan - a person who always goes his own way regardless of others, who is uncooperative, full if malice and bullheaded
Kunlangeta - knows what to do but doesn’t. repeatedly lies, steals, cheats, and rapes

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21
Q

Philippe Pinel

A
  • first personality disorder recognized by psychiatry
  • manie sans delire (madness without delirium). those who are impulsive and violent
  • profound deficits in emotion but no apparent reasoning/intellectual dysfunction
    - condition associated with amorality rather than psychosis
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22
Q

The Mask of Sanity - Hervey Cleckley

A
  • first detailed clinical descriptions
  • postulated that psychopaths exude a thin veneer of normality and do not appear to be overtly psychotic or mentally disordered
  • metaphor of electricity conductors
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23
Q

PCL (psychopathy checklist)

A

Operationalized in a research scale for assessing
- measuring a constellation of emotional, interpersonal and behavioural characteristics

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24
Q

Personality traits of psychopathy (6)

A
  • superficial
  • egocentric
  • pathologically deceitful and manipulative
  • lacks guilt and remorse
  • callous lack of empathy
  • shallow emotions
25
Q

Criminalized lifestyle of psychopathy (6)

A
  • impulsive
  • poor behaviour control
  • need for excitement
  • lack of responsibility
  • behaviour problems
  • adult antisocial behaviour
26
Q

Assessing psychopathy (3)

A
  1. Psychopathy Checklist -revised (PCL -R) and screening version
  2. self-report inventories
  3. DSM-5 antisocial personality disorder
27
Q

PCL-R

A
  • scored using file info and interviews
  • follows 3-point scale: 0,1,2
  • min score of 30 for diagnosis; 25 used for research purposes
  • Factors - 2,3 or 4
28
Q

PCL-R 4 factors model

A

Factors 1
- interpersonal/affective
Factors 2
- lifestyle/antisocial

29
Q

Self-report problems (2)

A
  1. old measures primarily assess factor 2
  2. SRIs inadequately control for deceitfulness
30
Q

Hare and McPherson

A
  • 85-97% of psychopathic individuals - atleat one violent crime
  • 50-70% recidivism rate to commit acts of assault, vandalism, kidnapping, armed robbery, fighting and to have used a weapon
  • more likely to have prior and future crimes for violence
  • no more likely to commit murder or sexual assault than nonpychopathic men
31
Q

Psychopathy results/trends

A
  • psychopathy is a strong predictor of general and violent recidivism
  • psychopathy is a relatively weak predictor of sexual recidivism
32
Q

Conceptual controversies (3)

A
  1. diagnostic confusion
  2. psychopathy
  3. Mad or bad
33
Q

Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder

A

since age 15 3 or more of the following:
- failure to conform to social norms
- deceitfulness
- impulsive or failure to plan
- irritability and aggressiveness
- reckless disregard for safety
- consistent irresponsibility
- lack of remorse

34
Q

Psychopathy and the DSM

A
  • psychopathy is NOT a formal entry in the DSM-5
  • ASPD almost synonymous with criminality
  • emphasis on persistent criminality rather than personality
  • limits the usefulness of ASPD in forensic settings
  • up to 80% of inmates in canada qualify for ASPD, but only 15-30% qualify for psychopathy
35
Q

2 scales of psychopathy

A

discrete/categorical: PCL-R classifies individuals into 2 classes, psychopath and non-psychopath

Dimensional: psychopathy exists on a continuum of psychopathic traits (low-high)

36
Q

Mad or Bad

A

meet legal and psychiatric standards of sanity
- psychopathic persons are not psychotic or “crazy”
- comorbidity with axis 1 disorders is rare
- understand the law can be held accountable for their actions
psychopaths know the difference between right and wrong, they just don’t care

37
Q

The Triarchic Model of Psychopathy (3)

A
  • Disinhibition
  • Meanness
  • Boldness
38
Q

Disinhibition (5)

A
  • impulsiveness
  • weak restraint
  • hostility
  • mistrust
  • difficulty regulating emotion
39
Q

Meanness (5)

A
  • deficient empathy
  • lack of affiliative capacity
  • contempt toward others
  • predatory exploitativeness
  • empowerment through cruelty
40
Q

Boldness (4)

A
  • confidence
  • social assertiveness
  • emotional resiliency
  • venturesomeness
41
Q

Cleckley’s conceptualization (2)

A
  • based on observation of psychiatric inpatients
  • emphasis on boldness and disinhibition
42
Q

PCL-R conceptualization (2)

A
  • based on correctional populations
  • emphasis on meanness and disinhibition
43
Q

Diagnosis of psychopathy

A
  • high disinhibition + high boldness = Insouciant-persuasive
  • high disinhibition + high meanness = callous-predatory expression
  • high disinhibition + high boldness + high meanness = insouciant-persuasive-callous-predatory expression
44
Q

Models of psychopathy-psychopathic personality inventory (PPI) (3)

A
  • fearless dominance
  • self-centered impulsivity
  • coldheartedness
45
Q

Subtypes of Psychopathy

A
  • primary psychopathy = real psychopathy
  • secondary psychopathy lacks key defining features, but shares some characteristics
  • both are important clinical constructs
  • each is defined by a distinct personality structure reflecting different etiological influences
46
Q

Karpman (1941, 1948)

A
  • first to propose that psychopathy was a heterogeneous syndrome
  • similar behaviourally, but differ in motivation
47
Q

Idiopathic/primary psychopathy (4)

A
  • fundamental affective deficit
  • motivated by pathological narcissism fueling parasitic exploitation
  • “cold” and calculated exploitation
  • thought to be virtually incurable
48
Q

Symptomatic/secondary psychopathy (4)

A
  • conscience fails to functions appropriately due to difficulties in the parent-child relationship or child maltreatment
  • associated with strong negative emotions
  • “hot”, reactive, impulsive behaviour
  • amenable to treatment
49
Q

Primary (6)

A
  • low anxiety
  • low emotional distress
  • high narcissism
  • less responsive to treatment
  • larger neurobiological component
  • higher proportion in caucasian persons
50
Q

secondary (6)

A
  • characterized by high anxiety
  • emotional distress and mental health concerns
  • more responsive to treatment
  • higher proportion in ethnic minorities
  • greater aggression, delinquency, institutional infraction
51
Q

Fearless temperament

A

Primary psychopathy - reduced autonomic response in a fear conditioning paradigm
secondary psychopathy - intermediate between primary and control participants in fear conditioning
- integration of fearless theory with neurobehavioral model of motivation

52
Q

Biological Markers for Psychopathy

A

Amygdala dysfunction
- reduced processing words of negative valence
orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction (hypoarousal)
- “acquired” psychopathy
genetics
- inherited
other systems..Neurochemical correlates

53
Q

Autonomic Underarousal

A
  • Diminished startle reaction and skin conductance responses to aversive stimuli
  • likely contribute to these individuals being fearless sensation seekers
54
Q

Lexical decision making task

A

non-psychopathic offenders: affective words processed more quickly than neutral words, and processed more quickly than psychopathic individuals

55
Q

AUCs

A

Area Under the Curve
- they range from 0.50-1.00 (chance accuracy-perfect accuracy)
- indication of how accurately a measure can discriminate x from y
- AUC = .75 (75% of the time randoms who reoffend will have a higher risk score on the risk tool)

56
Q

HCR-20

A

HCR-20 prediction study
- 193 patients coded on HCR-20, followed up an average 1.7yrs in the community
- HCR-20 moderate to high predictive accuracy for a range of violent outcomes post release

57
Q

The Macdonald Triad (3)

A
  1. bedwetting/Enuresis
    - occuring after age of 5 and at least 2x/wk
  2. animal cruelty
    - socially unacceptable behaviour causing pain/distress
  3. fire setting
    - deliberate acts of setting fire that may result in conviction of arson
58
Q

Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse

A
  • often in an adult relationship
  • involves manipulation, secrecy, and a relationship of power
  • recidivism estimate 4-10%
  • 22% reported having other prior incest victims, and 59% reported having prior nonicest victims
  • only 33% reported no prior victims
59
Q

Sex offenders risk assessment measures (3)

A

empirical actuarial - static
empirical actuarial - dynamic
structured professional judgment (SPJ)

PSY 230 (2 decks)

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