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History 103 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cultural Revolution

A

Sociopolitical movement in the People’s Republic of China launched by Mao Zedong. Caused a lot of purging of “Rightist” and “Bourgeois” groups, with death tolls ranging from hundreds of thousands to millions.

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2
Q

Great Leap Forward

A

Campaign undertaken by Chinese Communists to meet China’s industrial and agricultural needs. Resulted in mass starvation and turned into a national disaster.

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3
Q

KMT?GMD Nationalist Party

A

Political party that governed most of China from 1928 to 1949. Was engaged in civil war with the Communist party before retreating to Taiwan.

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4
Q

Hundred Flowers/Anti-Rightist campaigns

A

Movement within Communist government of China to grant greater freedom of thought and speech.

Resulted in widespread purge of intellectuals / intellectuals imprisoned / manual labor.

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5
Q

Manchus

A

Nomadic people who lived in Manchuria (Northeast China).

Conquered China and established the Qing dynasty.

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6
Q

Opening and Reform

A

Opening up of China to the global economy led by Deng Xiaoping.

Resulted in strong economic growth and a more market oriented economy.

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7
Q

Jiangxi Soviet

A

Independent government set up by Mao Zedong and Zhu De in Jiangxi.

Was the headquarters of the CCP before the Long March began.

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8
Q

Nanjing Massacre

A

Mass killing and ravaging of Chinese citizens by the Japanese Imperial Army.

Anger over events at Nanjing continue to influence Sino-Japanese politics today.

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9
Q

Gang of Four

A

Maoist political faction composed of Jiang Qing, Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan.

Controlled media and propaganda outlets, powerful during the Cultural Revolution.

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10
Q

Ming Code

A

Legal Code during the Ming dynasty used as a way of creating social order.

Reinforced traditional authority and organized families into groups for mutual help and surveillance.

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11
Q

Four Olds

A

Referred to a movement against old ideas, customs, culture and habits of mind.

Resulted in widespread purge of elderly people and intellectuals and damage to many historical places.

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12
Q

Pusan

A

Large port city located in Southeastern Korea.

Was a key city in the Korean War where the UN forces made a final stand against North Korea before pushing back.

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13
Q

Douglas MacArthur

A

US general who commanded the Southwest Pacific Theatre during World War II.

Led UN forces during the first nine months of the Korean War, took a very aggressive stance towards China.

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14
Q

Asin-Gioro Puyi

A

Last emperor of China as the final monarch of the Qing Dynasty.

Became the puppet emperor of the state of Manchukuo controlled by the Japanese.

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15
Q

Kim Il-sung

A

Communist leader of North Korea from 1948 to his death.

Attempted to unify Korea by invading South Korea, starting the Korean War.

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16
Q

Comintern

A

Ascociation of national Communist parties founded in 1919.

Stated purpose was world revolution, but functioned as organ of Soviet control International Communist Movement.

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17
Q

Taiping Rebellion

A

Political and religious rebellion against Qing government in China under leadership of Hong Xiuquan.

Led to a large civil war within China and extreme levels of ethnic tension.

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18
Q

Treaty of Shimonoseki

A

Treaty ending the first Sino-Japanese War as a clear victory for Japan.

Resulted in the independence of Korea and loss of Taiwan. Led to domination of Japan over North China.

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19
Q

Mao Zedong

A

Leader of CCP from 1935 until his death. Was a revolutionary, political philosopher and leader.

Led Communist forces during the revolution and is credited with unifying the country.

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20
Q

Treaty ports

A

Port cities in China opened up to foreign trade mainly by unequal treaties forced upon them by Western powers.

Set the standard for modernity for China, allowed dissemination of foreign ideas and technologies.

21
Q

Sun Yat-sen

A

Leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party. who served as the first provisional president of the Republic of China.

Influential in overthrowing the Qing dynasty and establishing the Republic of China.

22
Q

Deng Xiaoping

A

Chinese communist leader and revolutionary who served as the paramount leader of China from 1978 to 1989.

Enacted a series of far-reaching market economy which led to a extremely high rate of GDP growth.

23
Q

United Front

A

Coalition between Chinese Communist Party and the Nationalist Party to resist Japanese aggression.

Allowed the CCP to survive and rebuild after being purged.

24
Q

Zhu Yuanzhang

A

Chinese emperor who overthrew the Yuan dynasty and founded the Ming dynasty.

Instituted military, administrative and educational reforms that centered power in the emperor.

25
Q

Karl Marx

A

German political philosopher, economic theorist and revolutionary.

Wrote the Communist Manifesto which inspired revolutions around the world.

26
Q

Hong Xiuquan

A

Chinese Hakka revolutionary who was the leader of the Taiping Rebellion.

Launched a civil war against the Qing government leading to millions of deaths and extreme ethnic tension.

27
Q

Opium War

A

Armed conflicts between forces of Western countries and the Qing dynasty which led to territorial concessions and unequal treaties.

Helped weaken and ultimately topple the Qing dynasty.

28
Q

Vladimir Lenin

A

Russian revolutionary and politician who founded the Russian Communist Party and led the Bolshevik revolution.

Founder of Comintern which promoted Communist revolutions around the world, including China.

29
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Peace treaty signed at the end of World War I ending the conflict between Germany and the allied powers.

Because Shandong was transferred to Japan instead of China, it caused outrage and led to the May Fourth Movement.

30
Q

Matteo Ricci

A

Italian Jesuit missionary who introduced Christian teaching to the Chinese.

Bought mathematical and astronomical knowledge to China and converted several prominent officials to Catholicism.

31
Q

May Fourth Movement

A

Intellectual revolution and sociopolitical reform movement in China during 1917-1921.

Traditional Confucian ideas were attacked and Western ideas were promoted.

32
Q

Long March

A

Military retreat undertaken by the Red Army to evade the pursuit of the Nationalists.

Experience that would become legendary and idolized in China. Led to the Mao’s rise to power.

33
Q

Yan’an

A

A city in Shaanxi province where the Red army arrived after the Long March.

Became an important base of the Communists and is the first place to mold the peasantry to the communist model.

34
Q

Tibet

A

Region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau.

Has historically been part of some Chinese dynasties and currently governed as an autonomous region of China but has been in controversy.

Serves as a crucial water source to China as well as a buffer zone to India.

35
Q

Manchuguo (Manchukuo)

A

A puppet state created by the Japanese after the invasion of Manchuria.

Served as a tool to legitimize Japanese control over North China by seating Puyi, the last Qing emperor, as the puppet head of state.

Allowed Japanese encroachment in Northern China.

36
Q

Treaty of Nanjing

A

Treaty that ended the first Opium War and the first of the unequal treaties between China and the foreign powers.

China had to pay the British an indemnity and cede Hong Kong.

37
Q

Irving Shain

A

Chemistry professor at UW-Madison who served as Chancellor of the university.

Played a crucial role in establishing ties between American and Chinese Universities by founding a student exchange program.

38
Q

One-child Policy

A

A policy implemented from 1980-2015 that restricted families to have on Child.

Resulted in severe population crises which threatens the economy of the PRC.

39
Q

Tian’anmen Incident

A

Series of protests and demonstrations in China that culminated in a crackdown against protestors in Tiananmen Square.

Resulted in a massacre of protestors and set limits on political expression in China that lasts to today.

40
Q

Black cat / White cat statement

A

Statement made by Deng Xiaoping that that viewed ideology as less important than results.

Precipitated the movement of China to a market economy, made China open to other ideologies.

41
Q

38th Parallel

A

Parallel that runs across North and South Korea.

Used to divide between the US oriented regime in South Korea and Communist oriented regime in North Korea.

42
Q

The shirt in the Pearl-Sewn Shirt

A

Heirloom of the Jiang family in the Pearl-Sewn Shirt. Given away to Chen during his affair with fortune.

Shows the significance of heirlooms in Ming Dynasty, what items people placed value in etc. What kinds of things they enjoy.

43
Q

Little Red Book

A

A compilations of Mao’s quotes in a small, red book for people to carry around with them.

Became a symbol of Mao Zedong thought and played a key role in the Cultural Revolution.

44
Q

Lin Biao

A

Chinese politician and Marshal of the PRC who rose to become Mao’s second in command.

Played a key role in the civil war and Cultural Revolution.

45
Q

Big-character Posters

A

Type of political writing expressed on paper and posted in a public place.

Served as a form of propaganda during the Mao era and was prominent during the Cultural Revolution as a way to spread ideology.

46
Q

People’s Liberation Army

A

Principal military force of the PRC and the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party.

Plays a key role in the politics of China, for example the Tiananmen Incident.

47
Q

Shanghai Communique

A

Diplomatic document issued by the US and PRC that acknowledges Taiwan is a part of China.

Represented the US’s first diplomatic negotiations with the PRC, reaffirming the agreement plays a key role in US-China politics.

48
Q

Taiwan Relations Act

A

An act that declares it to be the policy of the US to preserve and promote relations with Taiwan, mainland China and all other peoples of the Western Pacific Area.

Often used and plays a key role in the argument for Taiwan’s political sovereignty.

49
Q

Sino-Vietnamese War

A

A border war fought between China and Vietnam in early 1979.

Chinese loss led to the breakout of relations between China and USSR and made China push for military reform.

History 103 (2 decks)

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