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Self-care for the pharmacist > midterm 2 > Flashcards

midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

pseudoephedrine

A

Brand name: Sudafed
oral decongestant

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2
Q

phenylephrine

A

Brand name: Sudafed PE
oral decongestant

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3
Q

phenylephrine (nasal)

A

Brand name: Neo-synephrine, little remedies decongestant nose dorps
nasal/topical decongestant

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4
Q

phenylephrine (nasal)

A

Brand name: Neo-synephrine, little remedies decongestant nose drops
nasal/topical decongestant

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5
Q

oxymetazoline

A

Brand name: Afrin, Vicks Sinex
nasal/topical decongestant

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6
Q

proplyhexedrine

A

Brand name: Benzedrex Inhaler
nasal/topical decongestant

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7
Q

levmetamfetamine

A

Brand name: vapor inhaler
nasal/topical decongestant

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8
Q

chlorpheniramine

A

1st generation antihistamine

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9
Q

Brompheniramine

A

1st generation antihistamine

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10
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Brand name: benadryl

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11
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Brand name: benadryl
1st generation antihistamine

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12
Q

Doxylamine

A

1st generation antihistamine

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13
Q

Loratadine

A

Brand name: claritin
2nd generation antihistamine

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14
Q

Cetirizine

A

Brand name: Zyrtec
2nd generation antihistamine

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15
Q

levoceetirizine

A

Brand name: xyzal
2nd generation antihistamine

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16
Q

fexofenadine

A

Brand name: allegra
2nd gneration antihistamine

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17
Q

Azelastine

A

Brand name: Astepro Allergy
Intranasal antihistamine

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18
Q

Cromolyn Sodium

A

Brand name: NasalCrom
Mast cell stabilizer

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19
Q

Fluticasone Furoate

A

Brand name: Flonase Sensimeist
INCS

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20
Q

Fluticasone propionate

A

Brand name: Flonase
INCS

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21
Q

Triamcinolone

A

Brand name: Nasacort
INCS

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22
Q

Budesonide

A

Brand name: Rhinocort
INCS

23
Q

Codeine

A

Oral antitussive

24
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Brand name: delsym
Oral antitussive

25
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Brand name: mucinex, Robitussin
Expectorant

26
Q

Guaifenesin/Dextromethorphan

A

Brand name: Robitussin DM, Mucinex DM
Expectorant/antitussive

27
Q

Menthol, Camphor, Eucalyptus

A

Brand name: Vicks VapoRub
Topical antitussive/ Aromatic oils

28
Q

When is self-care not appropriate for colds?

A

fever over 100.4
chest pain/SOB
symptoms of ear infection, sinusitis, strep throat, croup or bronchitis/pneumonia
worsening symptoms despite self-treatment
COPD
frail patients of advanced age and those under 3 months
AIDS or immunosuppressant.

29
Q

When is self-care not appropriate for allergies?

A

children under 12
pregnant/ lactating
symptoms of non-allergic rhinitis
symptoms of ear infection, sinusitis, bronchitis or infection
symptoms of diagnosed or undiagnosed asthma COP or other respiratory disorder
severe or unacceptable side effects of self-treatment

30
Q

When is self-care not appropriate for cough?

A

difficulty breathing/SOB
temp over 100.4
cough worsens after 3-5 days
cough does not improve for 2-3 weeks
TB, Croup, whooping cough
history of chronic disease associated with cough
immunocompromised state
suspected drug-associated cough

31
Q

What are non-pharmacological therapy for colds, flu, allergies and cough?

A

Cough- staying well hydrated, slowly dissolving non-medicated lozegens and candies in the mouth. humidifiers.

32
Q

What are the differences between the different types of cough?

A

Acute cough- less than 3 weeks
Sub-Acute cough- 3-8 weeks
Chronic cough- more than 3 weeks
PND cough- associated with cold or allergy symptoms
nonproductive cough- dry/hacking cough
productive cough- wet/chesty cough

33
Q

What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of decongestants?

A
34
Q

What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines?

A
35
Q

What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of INCS?

A
36
Q

What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of local anesthetics?

A
37
Q

What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of mast cell stabilizers?

A
38
Q

What are contraindications and warnings/side effects of antitussives?

A
39
Q

How are commonly used herbs and supplements used for colds, allergy and cough?

A
40
Q

What are the different categories of allergies?

A

persistent (PER)- greater than 4 days of the week and for more than 4 weeks
intermittent (IAR)- less than 4 days of the week or for less than 4 weeks
Moderate-severe: abnormal sleep, effects daily activities, troublesome symptoms
Mild- normal sleep, no activity or work or school impairment, no troublesome symptoms

41
Q

what are the risk factors for cough, cold and allergy?

A

Allergies- family history, filaggrin, elevated IgE, higher socioeconomic class, history of eczema, positive reaction to allergy skin tests, asthma.

42
Q

What are the clinical presentation of cold, cough and allergy?

A

Allergies- bilateral symptoms that are worse in the morning and get better throughout the day, sneezing, Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, itchy eyes/nose, conjunctivitis. Fatigue, Irritability, Malise, cognitive impairment.

43
Q

What are the different symptoms between fever, hyperpyrexia and hyperthermia?

A
44
Q

What are the pros and cons of the different types of thermometers?

A
45
Q

What are the common counseling points noted for appropriate use of thermometers and antipyretics?

A
46
Q

When do we refer for a fever?

A
47
Q

What recommendations do we regarding the use of OTC antipyretics for adults and children?

A
48
Q

When is it appropriate to treat insomnia or fatigue with OTC products?

A

if sleeplessness persists continuously for more than two weeks, consult your physician

49
Q

What are the different sleep stages?

A
  1. Transitional stage (falling asleep)
  2. light sleep (50% of the time)
  3. delta deep sleep
  4. delta deep sleep
    REM then repeat
50
Q

What are causes of insomnia?

A

Drugs that can cause insomnia: Alcohol​, Antidepressants (e.g. SSRIs, venlafaxine, bupropion), Amphetamines​, Antihypertensive (clonidine), Antineoplatics (anti-cancer drug)​, Beta Agonist (albuterol)​, Caffeine​, Corticosteroids​, Decongestants, Diuretics (bedtime)​, Nicotine​, Oral contraceptives, Thyroid preparations
Drugs that produce withdrawal insomnia: Alcohol, Amphetamines​, Antihistamines (first generation), Barbiturates​, Benzodiazepines​, MOA inhibitors​, Opiates, Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. imipramine, amitriptyline)​, Illicit drugs
Lots of medical conditions.

51
Q

What are common OTC medications, doses and side effects used to treat insomnia and fatigue/ drowsiness?

A

Diphenhydramine HCl/Citrate: Maximum dose for insomnia: 50 mg (HCl)/76 mg (citrate)​, Maximum day use: 10 consecutive days​, Use up to 3 nights; then skip a night to reevaluate. Do not take with alcohol. not for under 12. Interacts with metoprolol, potassium chloride, tamoxifen and CNS depressants.

Doxylamine​: Dose: 25mg given prior to bedtime​, >12 yrs old​, Duration of sedation 3-6 hrs​, Effective in treating sleep latency​, Maximum day use: 10 consecutive days​, Use up to 3 nights; then skip a night to reevaluate. can dry you up (anticholinergic) and cause drowsiness. contraindications are men with prostatic hyperplasia, glaucoma, COPD, dementia and thyroid disorders.

Melatonin: Common uses: sleep onset latency, those traveling across time zones, those with low melatonin levels​, Dose Range: 0.3 - 5 mg (normal 3-5 mg)​, Dose administration time: 8 pm to bedtime​ (drowsiness begins within 30 minutes peaks 3-4 hours)​, Adverse Effects:​ Daytime drowsiness 20%​, Headache.

52
Q

What are non-pharmacologic therapy treatment of insomnia and fatigue?

A

Bedroom for sleeping only​
Establish a bedtime routine​
Comfortable sleeping area​
Relaxing activities before bedtime​
Avoid exercise 2-4 hours before bedtime​
Avoid meals 2 hrs. before bedtime; if hungry eat light snack​
Avoid daytime napping​
If unable to sleep leave bedroom to do a relaxing activity and then return to sleep.​
Avoid caffeine, alcohol, or nicotine at least 4-6 hours before bedtime​
Do not watch the clock at night in bed

53
Q

What are appropriate goals approaches assessment/ evaluation and counseling points related to fatigue or insomnia?

A
  1. Identify the cause​: review good sleep hygiene​
  2. Request a sleep diary​: record sleep time​, caffeine intake​, alcohol ingestion​
  3. Suggest behavior changes​
  4. Evaluate use of Rx & nonprescription medication

Self-care for the pharmacist (2 decks)

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