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ANAT 200 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The tongue muscle is innervanted by which nerve?

A

Hypoglossal nerve CNXII

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2
Q

What is palatoglossus

A

Palate and the tongue

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3
Q

What is the styloglossus

A

Styloid process and tongue

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4
Q

What is hyoglossus

A

Hyoid and tongue

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5
Q

What is the genioglossus

A

Mandible (chin) and tongue

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6
Q

What does the Synergist do

A

Assist primary mover

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7
Q

What does the antagonist do

A

Opposes movement; helps with controlling the flexor

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8
Q

What are cutaneous membranes made of?

A

Epithelium and connective tissue
(Epidermis and dermis)

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9
Q

Name the 3 accessory structures in the integumentary system

A

Exocrine glands, hair, and nails

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10
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin (15%)

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11
Q

What are the 5 major functions of the skin

A

Barrier, thermoregulation, sensation, metabolic functions, and social functions

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12
Q

Name a way skin acts as a barrier

A

Sweat, UV protection, transdermal absorption, protects against harmful penetration, bears brunt of most injuries

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13
Q

Name a metabolic function

A

Vitamin D synthesis, energy storage (subcutaneous fat)

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14
Q

What are the 4 tissue types in the skin?

A

Epithelium, connective tissue, muscle (smooth), nerve

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15
Q

Where are Merkel cells found?

A

In areas with no hair
IE. finger tips, lips

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16
Q

What is a langerhans (dendritic) cell?

A

Type of macrophage that originates from bone marrow and migrates to epidermis. It is important in the immune system in response to pathogens penetrating the superficial layer

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17
Q

What is the most outer layer of the skin?

A

Stratum Corneum

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18
Q

True or false:
There are 5 layers of skin everywhere

A

False.
Only the palms and soles of the foot have an extra layer (stratum lucidum)

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19
Q

Name the 5 stratums of the epidermis

A

Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

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20
Q

What is the name of the stratum only in hair-less areas (feet and palms)?

A

Stratum lucidum

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21
Q

What forms the line of cleavage?

A

Collagen fibre bundles in the reticular layer of the dermis along lines of tension

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22
Q

What does a 1st degree burn affect?

A

The epidermis

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23
Q

What does a 2nd degree burn effect?

A

Epidermis and some dermis

24
Q

What does a 3rd degree burn effect?

A

Everything all the way through to the hypodermis

25
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

The superficial fascia or subcutaneous tissue that stabilizes skin to the underlying tissue.
Loose connective tissue (stores fat -adipose)

26
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms for secretion?

A

Merocrine, apocrine, holocrine
(Sweat, mammary, sebaceous)

27
Q

Name the 4 types of exocrine cutaneous glands

A

Sweat, sebaceous, ceruminous, mammary

28
Q

What does the ceruminous gland do?

A

Secretes earwax (apocrine)

29
Q

Which gland secretes oily lipids?

A

Sebaceous

30
Q

What does the sweat gland secrete?

A

Water and electrolytes

31
Q

How many hairs are lost per day on average?

A

70-100

32
Q

What are the 3 types of hair?

A

Lanugo (fine/fetal), vellus (body surface), terminal (long + coarse)

33
Q

Hair covers all body surfaces except _____

A

Volar skin.

34
Q

True or false:
Hair and nails are composed of the same thing

A

True!

Both are composed of dead keratinized cells

35
Q

What is a functional unit called?

A

Neuron

36
Q

Where does the coronary vessels of the heart emerge from?

A

base of the ascending aorta

37
Q

Venous drainage of the heart VIA coronary sinus empties into where

A

Right atrium

38
Q

Where does the exchange of materials between blood and tissue occur?

A

Primarily in capillary beds

39
Q

What happens first when the heart beats?

A

Atria contracts, then the ventricles

40
Q

The myocardium:

A

consists of multiple, interlocking layers of cardiac muscle tissue

41
Q

The tunica media of blood vessels:

A

contains smooth muscle tissue and elastic fibres

42
Q

what does the lymphatic system do?

A

produces, maintains, and distributes lymphocytes

43
Q

Which structure empties the venous system at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and subclavian vein?

A

Right lymphatic duct

44
Q

True or false:
The thymus is large early in life then undergoes involution later in life.

A

True

45
Q

Name 3 lymphoid tissues

A

tonsils, spleen, bone marrow, appendix

46
Q

Where are lymphocytes produced and stored?

A

Spleen and thymus

47
Q

which structures receives lymph from inferior region of abdomen and lower limbs?

A

Cisterna chyli

48
Q

What does the cisterna chyli do?

A

Receives lymph from the inferior region of the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs

49
Q

What occupies the greatest amount of representational space in the sensory homunculus?

A

Lips

50
Q

Which structure acts as a rood over the cranial blood vessels

A

arachnoid mater

51
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for conscious perception of auditory stimuli?

A

Temporal lobe

52
Q

Describe association fibres on the brain

A

Intrahemispheric connections

53
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

controls and ensure smooth movements and coordination

54
Q

Where does the L5 spinal nerve emerge from?

A

inferior to the L5 vertebra

55
Q

What is responsible for carrying discriminant touch information from the lower extremities?

A

Fasciculus gracilis

56
Q

Where is the final destination for the posterior spinocerebellar tract

A

Cerebellar cortex on the same side as the stimulus

ANAT 200 (1 decks)

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