Midterm 2

Question 1

what is an institution?

Answer 1

regular pattern in behaviour that give stability and predictability to social life

Question 2

what is Duverger’s law?

Answer 2

states first past the post electoral systems produce two party-systems

Question 3

what did Sven Steimo believe?

Answer 3

institutions define the rules of the political game and who wins them

Question 4

what are the relationships between institutions and environmental factors?

Answer 4

political, economic, and social factors

Question 5

who created the structuration theory?

Answer 5

Anthony Gidden

Question 6

what is the structuration theory?

Answer 6

the idea that social action cannot be explained by the structure or agency theories alone

Question 7

what is a system?

Answer 7

political system

Question 8

what is a structure?

Answer 8

political institution

Question 9

what is structuration?

Answer 9

the factors that hold back and provide resources for changes in how institutions and the system function as a whole

Question 10

what is agency?

Answer 10

the capacity of individuals to act independently and make their own free choices

Question 11

what is a state?

Answer 11

a structure of rule and authority within a particular geographical area

Question 12

what is the method of difference?

Answer 12

similar cases, different outcomes

Question 13

what is method of agreement?

Answer 13

different cases, similar outcome

Question 14

what is colonialism?

Answer 14

the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country

Question 15

what was Felix Carden Aguilar’s job?

Answer 15

to undo centuries of colonization

Question 16

what is state capacity?

Answer 16

the ability of state institutions to effectively implement official goals

Question 17

what is extractive capacity?

Answer 17

capacity to mobilize financial resources from the society to pursue national interests

Question 18

what is steering capacity?

Answer 18

the capacity to guide national socio-economic development

Question 19

what is legitimation capacity?

Answer 19

the capacity to dominate using symbols and creating consensus

Question 20

what is coercive capacity?

Answer 20

the capacity to dominate by the use of threat or force

Question 21

what did Charles Tilly believe?

Answer 21

war made the state, and the state made the war

Question 22

what are the foundations of the modern state?

Answer 22

state officials are expected to advance the public good and develop rules and patterns of administration

Question 23

what are the key characteristics of bureaucracies

Answer 23

impersonal, rule based, goal oriented, promote officials based on merit

Question 24

what did weber see bureaucracy as?

Answer 24

an ideal type of social organization

Question 25

what was a key mile stone in the development of the European state?

Answer 25

the separation of state officials from the ruler

Question 26

what is a patrimonial state?

Answer 26

a state where power flows directly from the leader and political elites take advantage of their connections to benefit themselves

Question 27

what are the three principles of the treaty of westphalia

Answer 27

sovereignty of states, legal equality between states, and non intervention in the affairs of another state

Question 28

what is an internal function of the state?

Answer 28

functions that are performed with respect to their own populations

Question 29

what is the role of partisan?

Answer 29

pursuing own institutional interests of the officials

Question 30

what is the role of guardian?

Answer 30

state working in interests of society as a whole and to maintain healthy balance between interests

Question 31

what is the role of tool?

Answer 31

state is pliable, lacks autonomy and is the hands of one or more groups

Question 32

what is an external function of the state?

Answer 32

functions they perform in respect to other states

Question 33

what are the two external functions?

Answer 33

manage relations with other states and protect their people and territory against outside attacks

Question 34

what are modern states expected to provide?

Answer 34

human security, regulate disputes, free to participate in politics

Question 35

what are resilient states?

Answer 35

states that exhibit the capacity and legitimacy of governing a population and its territory

Question 36

what are fragile states?

Answer 36

states that have a weak capacity to carry out basic governance functions

Question 37

what are stateness problems?

Answer 37

anything that could challenge the legitimacy of the state such as internal sovereignty claims

Question 38

what must a state have to be considered resilient?

Answer 38

legitimacy and robust institutions

Question 39

what did Samuel Finer believe?

Answer 39

what characterized governments in Europe and North America was constitutional liberalism

Question 40

what is legal positivism?

Answer 40

that the law is what the state says it is

Question 41

what is secularism?

Answer 41

the principle that religion does not enjoy a privileged position in the state

Question 42

what is monism?

Answer 42

the view that there are no fundamental divisions in the phenomena

Question 43

what are the key functions performed by the law?

Answer 43

determine criminal behaviour, prescribe punishment and provide impartial laws

Question 44

what is the rule of law?

Answer 44

the principle that everyone in a society is equal before the law

Question 45

what is a constitution?

Answer 45

the body of principles governing relations between a state and its population

Question 46

what did Anthony King believe?

Answer 46

that constitution is a set of important rules and common understandings in any given understanding

Question 47

what is constitutionalism?

Answer 47

the principle that assigns a special significance to constitutions and rule of law in national life

Question 48

what is federalism?

Answer 48

a form of government in which power is constitutionally divided between different authorities

Question 49

what is asymmetric federalism?

Answer 49

a federal or confederal country where the constituent units have different levels of autonomy, responsibility and political power