midterm 2

Question 1

what is evolution

Answer 1

a change in allele frequencies in a population over time

Question 2

Darwin theory

Answer 2

population are dynamic= change= evolution ; major forc= natural selection

Question 3

gene pool

Answer 3

all the alleles for every gene. Basic population genetic focuses on one gene at a time and usually only two alleles for each gene

Question 4

population

Answer 4

group of individual of the same species that can interbreed with one another

Question 5

polymorphism

Answer 5

different visible traits caused by genetic mutation

Question 6

populations with two or more alleles =

Answer 6

polymorphic

Question 7

populations with only one allele present. i.e all individuals have two copies of the same allele

Answer 7

monomorphic

Question 8

what is an example of polymorphism

Answer 8

all vertebrates have protein hemoglobin for binding oxygen in blood. in human there is a variation in the gene for hemoglobin

Question 9

what is a SNP

Answer 9

a single nucleotide polymorphism, smelled type of genetic variation

Question 10

what does one band mean when reading an electrophoresis sample

Answer 10

homozygote

same allele

Question 11

what does two lines mean when reading an electrophoresis sample

Answer 11

Heterozygote two alleles

Question 12

what is the point of electrophoresis

Answer 12

can identify number of allele segregating in a population

Question 13

what does it mean to follow to Hardy Weinberg principle

Answer 13

random mating 
population is infinite
no migration
o natural selection 
no new mutations

Question 14

comparative anatomy

Answer 14

morphological patterns

Question 15

analogous similarity

Answer 15

similarity related to function

Question 16

embryology

Answer 16

similarity among embryos, embryos display many characteristics of ancestral organism

Question 17

vestigial characters

Answer 17

rudimentary/ reduced non fun functional characters

Question 18

atavist characters

Answer 18

evolutionary throwbacks

Question 19

distributional evidence

Answer 19

biogeographic realms continental land masses support different assemblages of species

Question 20

what did Wallace and Darwin know

Answer 20

Individuals very in traits

some variation is heritable

Question 21

what does it mean to be locally extinct/ gone

Answer 21

locally exerbated

Question 22

what DNA is separate from the nuclear genome

Answer 22

mitochondrial

Question 23

splitting over time is called

Answer 23

cladogenesis

Question 24

how do we make an evolution tree

Answer 24

grouping by similarity: finnetics

-clade

Question 25

monophyletic groups

Answer 25

have common ancestor

Question 26

paraphyletic group

Answer 26

not complete, w want to avoid naming

Question 27

polyphyletic group

Answer 27

doesn’t include the most common ancestor, avoid

Question 28

whatever is the shared ancestral state\character present in the out group

Answer 28

called sinplesium