midterm 2 Flashcards
what is evolution
a change in allele frequencies in a population over time
Darwin theory
population are dynamic= change= evolution ; major forc= natural selection
gene pool
all the alleles for every gene. Basic population genetic focuses on one gene at a time and usually only two alleles for each gene
population
group of individual of the same species that can interbreed with one another
polymorphism
different visible traits caused by genetic mutation
populations with two or more alleles =
polymorphic
populations with only one allele present. i.e all individuals have two copies of the same allele
monomorphic
what is an example of polymorphism
all vertebrates have protein hemoglobin for binding oxygen in blood. in human there is a variation in the gene for hemoglobin
what is a SNP
a single nucleotide polymorphism, smelled type of genetic variation
what does one band mean when reading an electrophoresis sample
homozygote
same allele
what does two lines mean when reading an electrophoresis sample
Heterozygote two alleles
what is the point of electrophoresis
can identify number of allele segregating in a population
what does it mean to follow to Hardy Weinberg principle
random mating population is infinite no migration o natural selection no new mutations
comparative anatomy
morphological patterns
analogous similarity
similarity related to function
embryology
similarity among embryos, embryos display many characteristics of ancestral organism
vestigial characters
rudimentary/ reduced non fun functional characters
atavist characters
evolutionary throwbacks
distributional evidence
biogeographic realms continental land masses support different assemblages of species
what did Wallace and Darwin know
Individuals very in traits
some variation is heritable
what does it mean to be locally extinct/ gone
locally exerbated
what DNA is separate from the nuclear genome
mitochondrial
splitting over time is called
cladogenesis
how do we make an evolution tree
grouping by similarity: finnetics
-clade
