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Cardio/resp > Midterm 1b > Flashcards

Midterm 1b Flashcards

1
Q

How many stores are there for O2

A

1

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2
Q

How many stores are there of CO2

A

3

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3
Q

What are the 3 stores of CO2

A
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4
Q
A

We store more CO2 on Hb

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5
Q

What is trans diaphragmatic pressure (Pdi)

A

Pdi = Pab - Pes
Abdominal pressure - esophageal pressure

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6
Q

Carbon dioxide 3 stores

A

HCO3- = 70%
Hb CO2 = 23%
Dissolved =7%

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7
Q

Pneumotaxic area

A

Switching off inspiration
Decreasing tidal volume

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8
Q

Apneustic area

A

Switching on or beginning inspiration

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9
Q

Apneustic area

A

Switching on or beginning inspiration

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10
Q

Respiratory centre or rhythmicity area

A

2 regions
Dorsal for inspiration
Ventral for expiration

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11
Q

What is eupnic breathing

A

Normal quiet breathing 12 B/min

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12
Q

What is FRC

A

Not a defined value
Forces of rib cage to pop open are equal and opposite to that of forces of the lungs to go inward
Happens at the end of full breath so no forces acting on it
Passive volume of lipung and ribcage

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13
Q

What is the duty cycle

A

TI/TI+TE = TI/TTot

Only 30-40% muscle contraction is occurring of inspiration muscles and is at rest the other 60% as we need relaxation for blood flow to allow oxygen uptake, metabolizing, and remove waste

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14
Q

Central chemoreceptors only respond to

A

CO2 blood levels

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15
Q

What time scale are chemoreceptors working at

A

Minute time scale

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16
Q

What do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to

A

O2 CO2 H+ and blood

17
Q

What is the time scale for peripheral chemoreceptors

A

Breath by breath

18
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid

A

No RBC
low protein conc
Big buffer
Slightly acidic
Lots of CA
CO2+ h2o = H+ + HCO3-

19
Q

Gloms cells type I

A

Close to PN
Lots of dopamine
Integrator of all info telling it to PN to determine firing rate

20
Q

Gloms cells type I

A

Close to PN
Lots of dopamine
Integrator of all info telling it to PN to determine firing rate

21
Q

Gloms cells type II

A

Very rich blood supply
A-V O2 difference is none
Monitors blood O2 levels then signals to TI which integrates and sends it to the PN

Rapid response to changes in O2
Cells of peripheral chemoreceptors
Responds to all levels of oxygen but mainly responds to profound hypoxia

22
Q

HbA2

A

2-3% of total adult Hb
Adult Hb
Unknown function
Alpha, delta subunits

23
Q

Wakeful drive

A

Intrinsic ventilators drive
Occurs at very low CO2 levels
Ventilation independent of CO2 levels

24
Q

Hemoglobin p50

A

Po2 at which you have 50% saturation of Hb
Constantly changing due to CO2/H+/temp
Describes o2 dissociation curve
Increase p50=decrease o2 affinity for Hb

25
Q

Duty cycle

A

Time inspiration / time inspiration- expiration
Related to respiration
Usually range 30-40%

26
Q

J receptors

A

Juxtapulmonary receptors
Sense pulmonary deems
Negative feedback to decrease exercise
Located in the alveolar interstitium near capillaries
Act to decrease respiratory and limb muscle activity

27
Q

Dead space

A

Air in trachea
Does not get involved in gas exchange
Generally same as atmosphere air

28
Q

Neuromuscular transmission failure

A

Failure of or shortage of neurotransmitter signals to tell diaphragm to breathe
Only in vitro studies
Rarely or never occurs in live human subjects

29
Q

High frequency fatigue

A

Fatigue due to ion imbalance
Reversible in an hour
Reduces force production in diaphragm for a short period of time

30
Q

Z-line streaming

A

In normal muscle = straight or vertical
In damaged we see discontinuation
them pulled in one direction
Evidence of fatigue or injury
Ultra structural

31
Q

What is the function of ck in a cell

A

Transfer the high energy phosphate from atp to creative or ohosphocreatine to add for easier transport

32
Q

Type I phnumocytes

A

Thin for gas exchange
Easily damaged
Unable to replicate

33
Q

Type II phnumocytes

A

Large
Can replicate its self and type I
Far from capillaries
Produces surfactant

34
Q

Ficks law

A

Vgas is proportional to a/t x D x (P1 - P2)

35
Q

Hyperoxia

A

Increase o2

36
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low levels of in o2

37
Q

Function of c-fibres

A

Constricting airway and mucus secretion

Cardio/resp (2 decks)

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