Midterm Flashcards
Manufacturing
Converting raw materials into products
Concurrent Engineering
Simultaneous engineering, integrates design and manufacturing optimizing all elements involved
Design for manufacture, Assembly, disassembly, and service
Manufactured economically with ease; assembled with speed, ease, and minimal cost; Disassembly with relative ease, little time; Individual parts are easy to reach and service
Green Design
Design for recycle (DFR), Design for environment (DFE)
Sustainable manufacturing
reduce waste of materials, proper handling and disposal of waste, improve waste treatment and RRR.
Product life cycle
Product development, market intro, growth, maturation, decline
lean production
Efficiency of machinery and equipment while improving quality,number of personnel involved in operation
Goal of Lean Production
Reducing all types of waste from its operation and dealing with prob;ems asap
Agile Manufacturing
Flexibility in manufacturing to allow for adaptation for production variety, demand, and customer needs
How agile manufacturing is achieved
Through reconfigurable machines, modular components, advanced computer hardware and software.
Outsourcing
Taking internal company activities and paying outside firm to perform them
Hardness is proportional to ; and is not ____ material property
yield strength; intrinsic
Ductile materials undergo___ before fracture
large plastic deformation
Brittle materials show ___ plastic deformation
little or no
Ductile mat yeilds when
max shear stress exceeds yield shear stress
Brittle mat ruptures when
max tensile normal stress exceeds UTStress
Tension test determines
strength, ductility, toughness, elastic modulous, and strain hardening capability
Compression test gives info useful for
estimating forces and power requirements in these processes
Bauschinger Effect
By applying tensile or compressive load beyond the elastic limit for compression or for tension, respectively, is reduced considerably and the more the load exceeds the elastic limit, the greater is the reduction
Residual stress
Stresses that remain in part after it has been formed and all external forces are removed
Fatigue caused by
stresses much smaller than the tensile strength
Fatigue failure starts from a
microscopic initial defect, such as micro cracks, irregular grain boundaries, and impurity inclusions
Crystal defect types
point, linear, planar, volume/bulk
Edge dislocation
linear defect at the edge of extra plane of atoms
screw dislocation
a helical defect in a three dimensional lattice of atoms. Atomic planes for spiral ramp
Dislocations help to explain
why the actual strength of mat is much lower that that predicted by atomic theory
Strain hardening
increase of overall strength due to dislocation entanglement and impediments by barriers (GB, impurities, inclusions, etc)
slip band consists of
a number of slip planes
Grains
smallest unit in a metal that can be observed by a light microscope
Large grains
low strength, low hardness, high ductility; rougher surface finish
