Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
What is the total in millions of people with disabilities?
A
50.6 million
2
Q
How many million people have a disability at age 18-44?
A
15.3 million
3
Q
How many people have a disability who are 45-64?
A
20.8 million
4
Q
How many people have a disability who are over 65?
A
14.5 million
5
Q
How many people with a disability are male?
A
23.3 million
6
Q
How many people with a disability are female?
A
27.3 million
7
Q
What percent of the population has a disability?
A
22.2 percent
8
Q
What percent of the population has a disability who are 18-45?
A
13.5 percent
9
Q
What percent of the population has a disability who are 45-65?
A
27.4 percent
10
Q
What percent of the population has a disability who are over 65?
A
37.8 percent
11
Q
What percent of the population has a disability and are male?
A
21 percent
12
Q
What percent of the population has a disability who are female?
A
23.4 percent
13
Q
What is the number of people in millions who do not have a disability?
A
117.2 million
14
Q
How many people in millions have no disability at age 18-45?
A
98.2
15
Q
How many people have no disability at age 45-65?
A
55.1
16
Q
How many people have no disability over 65?
A
23.9
17
Q
How many people have no disability and are male?
A
87.7
18
Q
How many people have no disability and are female?
A
89.5
19
Q
What percent of people don’t have a disability?
A
77.8 percent
20
Q
What percent of people don’t have a disability and are 18-45?
A
86.5 percent
21
Q
What percent of people don’t have a disability and are 45-65?
A
72.6 percent
22
Q
What percent of people don’t have a disability and are over 65?
A
62.2 percent
23
Q
What percent of people don’t have a disability and are male?
A
79 percent
24
Q
What percent of people don’t have a disability and are female?
A
76.6 percent
25
What is the medical definition of disability?
Lack of ability to function normally, physically or mentally; incapacity
Anything that causes disability
Inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment no less than 3 months
26
What is the social definition of disability?
A group bound by common social and political experience.
Used to identify us as a constituency, to serve our needs for unity and identity, and to function as a basis for political activism.
A marker of the identify that the individual and group wish to highlight and call attention to
27
What are the strengths of the social model of disability?
Effective political weapon to mobilize action
Calls attention to oppression and discrimination
Provides psychological support for the disabled
28
What are the weaknesses of the social model of disability?
Neglects the significance of impairment in the lived experience of the disabled
Assumes disabled oppression in all circumstances
Misguided utopian belief in a world free of environmental obstacles for disabled
29
Why study disability?
The study of disability must be social
The study of disability must be foundational
The study of disability must be interdisciplinary
The study of disability must be participatory
30
List the eight aspects that contribute to disability history.
```
Civil Rights
Politics
Social Policy
Economic Issues
Community
Religion
Education
```
31
What is the course perspective of disability
Historic social constructionist perspective
32
What three aspects are important when study disability?
Study the experience of disability among all populations
Study the social, cultural, political, economic, and religious issues that have influenced the societal understanding and response to disability
Study the current situation and future prospects of the disabled
33
What occurred in the first 3/4 of the 18th century?
A tenfold rise in British population
| 250,000-2.5 million
34
What was the number of Africans in the first 3/4 of the 18th century?
30,000-250,000
35
What was the reason for growth in the 18th century?
Emigration
| Births
36
What was the social strata?
Aristocracy, Elite- Landowners, Southern slave owners
Middle Class- Artisans, Skilled Workers
Poor Whites, Laborers
Black Slaves
37
How were the colonial Americans in the 18th century?
People of Plenty
Enough food, clothing, wood for fuel
Low amount of disease, little premature death
38
What was British colonial growth motivated by?
Economic Prosperity
| Religious freedom
39
When was the age of reason?
1750
40
When did revolution begin?
The age of Enlightenment
41
Who wrote The Social Contract and when?
Thomas Hobbes, 1651
42
What was the Social Contract?
The purpose of government is to enforce law and protect the people. Government is accountable to the people.
43
Who wrote the Two Treaties of Government and when?
John Locke, 1689
44
What is the Two Treaties of Government?
An individual has a natural right to defend "life, health, liberty or possessions.
45
What truths are self-evident in the Declaration of independence?
All men are created equal
That they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights
That among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.
46
How were the mentally ill cared for Post Salem?
Persecution abated
| Families cared for the mentally ill with community assistance
47
Who was James Otis?
Member of the Provincial assembly in Massachusetts
Had patriotic views against British policy
"Taxation without representation is Tyranny"
48
Who is Samuel Coolidge?
School teacher often naked
| Participant in the Boston Tea Party
49
Who is Joseph Moody?
Minister who covered his face with a black handkerchief
50
What was considered the cause of mental Illness in the Mid-18th century?
The spleen
51
How were the mentally ill treated in the mid-18th century?
Placed in cages in almshouses, jails
| In chains, brutally whipped
52
When did the Diphtheria epidemic occur?
1735-1740
53
When did the yellow fever epidemic occur?
1793
54
What was another epidemic that occurred in the 18th century?
Small Pox
55
What happened in 1763?
A British officer game a small pox contaminated blanket to two Indian chiefs they were at war with
56
Where was there a great outbreak of small pox?
Ohio Valley that devastated the Indians
57
Who else did the British try to infect with disease?
Continental troops under George Washington
58
Who were considered slaves?
Servants imported and brought into the country who were not Christian in the native country.
All negro, mulatto and Indian slaves will be held as real estate
59
What were slaves denied?
Their own children
Your birthright
Your selfhood
60
What were the common codes when dealing with slaves?
You could not do business with a slave without prior consent with the owner
Slaves could be raffled as prizes, wagered, gambled offered as security for loans, and transferred as gifts
61
What was the punishment for a slave to carry a gun?
39 lashes and forfeited the gun
62
What were slaves considered at legal trials?
Incompetent as witnesses in cases involving whites
63
What was the punishment for educating a slave?
No less than $500 and up to six month in jail
64
Who was Johnathon Edwards?
Theologian a part of the great awakening
| If you believe in God you will go to heaven
65
Who is George Whitefield?
Evangelist a part of the great awakening
| One of the first to preach to the slaves
66
What did the Great Awakening create?
A uniquely American Religious expression
Emotional
Individualized
Mediated by scripture only
67
What set the stage for the war of Independence?
The great awakening
68
Who resisted the message of equality?
Slave owners
69
Who embraced the message of equality?
Africans who developed their own form of the religion which became the foundation of the black church
70
What was the Calvinist overtones of the major revivalist period?
Only God's grace mattered
| Social standing, possession or absence of wealth were irrelevant to the promise of forgiven sins
71
What was the resultant thoughts because of the great awakening?
Immigrants were brought together as Americans
Suspicion of the Church of England Puritanism
Gave energy to the terms liberty, virtue, tyranny
Provided a new model of leadership involving lay people
Fostered education
72
Who owned over 200 slaves?
Thomas Jefferson who wrote the Declaration of Independence
73
Where did the Revolutionary war begin and what did they refuse?
Massachusetts
| refused regular petitions by free blacks to end slavery
74
What two ideas were going hand in hand during the time of the revolution?
Demands of liberty
| Acceptance of slavery
75
When was a petition made saying blacks have the right to freedom and equality?
January 13, 1777
76
How did framers of the constitution justify their actions?
By determining it was by divine authority
77
When was the American Revolution?
1754-1781
78
What was one of the first acts of the new nation after the revolutionary war?
To pass laws restricting immigration into the United States
79
When was the Naturalization Act passed?
1790
80
What is the Naturalization Act?
Any alien, being a free white person, could apply for citizenship
indentured servants, free blacks and slaves were not eligible since they were property and not persons
81
When was the first pension legislation for the American colonies enacted?
August 26, 1776
82
What did the first pension legislation entail?
Half pay for officers and enlisted men who were incapable of earning a living for the duration of their disability.
83
What occurred in 1492?
Columbus
84
What occurred in 1565?
First permanent colony in North America- St. Augustine, Florida
85
What occurred in 1607?
Jamestown is founded in Virginia.
Starvation and disease reduce colony from 105 to 32 survivors
Captain John Smith and Pocahontas
86
What occurred in 1619?
The first session of the first legislative assembly in America.
22 burgesses representing 11 plantations
20 Africans are brought by a Dutch ship to Jamestown for sale as indentured servants
87
What occurred in 1620?
Nov. 9th- The Mayflower ship lands at Cape Cod, Massachusetts with 101 colonists
Nov 11th- The Mayflower contract is signed establishing a form of local governemnt
88
What occurred in 1630?
March- John Winthrop leads a Puritan migration of 900 colonists to Massachusetts, where he will serve as the first governor.
September- Boston is officially established.
89
What occurred in 1636?
June- Roger Williams found Providence and Rhode Island. Williams was banished from Massachusetts for religious and political freedom, including separation of church and state.
90
What was 1675-1676?
King Philip's War between colonists and Native Americans because of tension over colonist's expansion. Resulted in 600 colonists deaths and 3000 natives death.
91
What was not known in the colonies?
Germs
92
What was the medical practice for the colonists?
History of self care from herbal medicines
No hospitals
Family members helped family members
Physicians were for the wealthy
Colonial women had an average of 8 children
40% of doctors were women using herbs
93
What three aspects impacted Colonial disease?
Poor sanitation- No running water
Wells contaminated by waste
Poor hygiene- Baths were considered unhealthy
94
What were the common disease during the colonial period?
Small Pox
Chilblain- a swelling of the hands and feet due to exposure of extreme colg
Pneumonia
Scarlet Fever
Rickets- disease of the bones caused from a deficiency of calcium or vitamin D in their diet or lack of sunlight.
Cholera- caused by feces contaminated food-Diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, severe dehydration
Diphtheria- spread of infected milk and caused extreme difficulty breathing and a high fever
Dropsy- abnormal collection of fluids in parts of the body
Infected wounds- Gangrene
95
What was the life expectancy of those who reached 20 years in Virginia and Maryland?
Mid to late forties
96
What was the life expectancy of those who reached 20 years in New England?
Mid Sixties
97
What was uncommon in the colonial period?
Dementia and old age disability
98
What was the basis of disability during the colonial period?
The inability to perform labor was the basis of a disability
99
Who took care of the disabled if the family was unavailable to do so in the colonial period?
The communities
100
What were the disabled considered during the colonial period?
The deserving Poor
101
Who were kept out of communities during the colonial period?
Those causing financial burden
Vagabonds
Beggars
Idle persons
102
What was worn by people who needed caring for?
A "P" for poverty
103
What state was the first to have almshouses?
New York in 1650
104
What were the religious ideals of the Puritans?
```
Taking care of those unable to care for themselves such as
Idiots
Distracted Persons
Lunatics
Aged
Maimed
```
105
What were the mentally ill thought as during the colonial period?
Demons possessed or under punishment of god
| Children with disabilities were considered divine displeasure
106
When was the Salem Witch Trials?
1692
107
Who were the two physicians on the Mayflower?
Miles Standish
| Samuel Fuller
108
Who was Benjamin Rush?
Father of Psychiatry
Bled patients
Purged them until they vomited
Tranquilizer chair
Suspender chair
Killed more people then yellow fever- 1000 people
Started the practice of listening to patients
109
In 1625, what percent of labor force were indentured servants?
40%
110
In 1683, what percent of the total labor force were indentured servants?
16%
111
From 1654-1661, what percent of indentured servants are skilled?
30%
112
From 1773-1775, what percent of indentured servants are skilled?
80.5%
113
How many slaves were present in 1625?
23
114
How many slaves were present in 1648?
300
115
How many slaves were present in 1671?
2,000
116
How many slaves were present in 1680?
3,000
117
How many slaves were present in 1700?
16,390
118
How many slaves were present in 1720?
26,559
119
How many slaves were present in 1730?
30,000
120
How many slaves were present in 1740?
60,000
121
How many slaves were present in 1775?
210,000
122
What occurred in 1669 in regards to slavery?
Slave codes: An act about the casual killing slaves: Killing of a slave cannot be considered a felony
123
What occurred in 1680 in regards to slavery?
Thirty lashes on the bare back if a slave shall lift a hand against any Chrisitan
