MIDTERM Flashcards
3 layers of meninges
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater
Produced in choroid plexuses of the four ventricles
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is the normal value and neonates of adult in CSF?
Normal value - 90-150 ml
Neonates - 10-60 ml
CSF flows through subarachnoid space between _________ and _________
Arachnoid and pia mater
3 sterile tubes in this order
Chemistry/serology
Microbiology (avoid skin contamination)
Hematology (avoid cells from top)
The 6 preservation
Hematology
Refrigerate
Microbiology
Room temperature
Chemistry/Serology
Frozen
Blood vessel punctured during tap
Traumatic tap
Not precent in a recent traumatic tap.
Indicates older hemorrhage
Xanthochromia
Automated cell counters can be used
Neubauer counting chamber
Clear specimens count undiluted unless overlapping cells are seen
Total cell count
Dilute with 3% acetic acid; methylene blue helps to see cell; undiluted rinse transfer pipette with acetic acid
WBC count
Forces cells onto a slide in a monolayer
Cytocentrifuge
Increases the cell yield and decreases the cellular distortion
Albumin
What is the normal ratio lymphocytes: monocytes in adult and the normal ratio in children?
Adult - 70:30
Children - 30:70
Increased amount of normal cells
Pleocytosis
Pleocytosis of normal cells is valuable in determining the cause of _________?
Meningitis
- Primarily in bacterial meningitis
- Often contain phagocytized bacteria
- Increased early viral, fungal, tubercular, parasitic
- vacuoles may be present
Neutrophils
-Seen with bone marrow
- Neutrophils with pyknotic nucleii may resemble NRBC’s
- capillary structures and epithelial cells
Nucleated RBC’s
