Midterm Flashcards
What are the components of attending?
Attentive Body Language
Vocal Style
Eye Contact
Verbal Following
(most non verbal)
Attending is the foundation of all other counseling skills
What is paraphrasing?
Restating what the client has said in your own words. (shorter statements)
This technique helps clarify understanding and shows the client they are heard.
What does self-disclosure mean in counseling?
The counselor shares personal experiences to build rapport or illustrate a point. Generally related to coping mechanisms. Such as how the counselor eats healthy on the go.
Used judiciously, it can enhance the therapeutic relationship.
What is affirmation in the context of counseling?
Statements of respect help build rapport, increase confidence in the ability to
cope with difficult situations (self-efficacy), and encourage change talk. Never use “I” becuase it should be affirming the client “you.”
Affirmation can reinforce positive behaviors and encourage clients.
What are the stages of change in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)?
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
Each stage represents different readiness levels for change.
What does HBM stand for?
Health Belief Model.
A psychological model that explains and predicts health behaviors.
What are the components of the Health Belief Model (HBM)?
- Perceived susceptibility
- Perceived severity
- Perceived benefits
- Perceived barriers
- Cues to action
- Self-efficacy
These components influence an individual’s decision to engage in health-related behaviors.
Define synchrony in counseling.
The alignment of verbal and non-verbal communication between counselor and client.
Synchrony can enhance rapport and understanding.
Define congruence in counseling.
When your verbal and non-verbal cues match
Congruence fosters trust in the therapeutic relationship.
What is empathy?
The ability to understand and share the feelings of another. Able to put yourself in the other persons shoes.
Empathy is essential for building a strong therapeutic alliance.
What is self-efficacy?
Belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations.
Higher self-efficacy can lead to better motivation and outcomes.
What intervention strategies are appropriate at each stage of change (TTM)?
- Precontemplation: Raise awareness
- Contemplation: Encourage evaluation of pros and cons
- Preparation: Support planning
- Action: Facilitate implementation
- Maintenance: Reinforce commitment
Tailoring interventions to the stage of change increases effectiveness.
What are effective non-verbal behaviors in counseling?
- Eye contact
- Nodding
- Open body language
- Appropriate facial expressions
- relaxed posture
- proper personal space given
- smiling when appropiate
Non-verbal cues can significantly impact the counseling process.
What are ineffective non-verbal behaviors in counseling?
- Avoiding eye contact
- Crossed arms
- Distracted posture
- Negative facial expressions
- yawning
- sitting to close or far
- talking to loud or soft
These behaviors can create barriers to effective communication.
What are traits of an effective counselor?
*They have a solid foundation of knowledge.
* They are self-aware.
* They have ethical integrity.
* They have congruence.
* They are honest and genuine.
* They can communicate clearly.
* They have a sense of gender and cultural awareness.
* They have a sense of humor.
* They are flexible.
* They are optimistic and hopeful.
* They respect, value, care about, and trust others.
* They can accurately understand what people feel from their frame of
reference (empathy).
These traits contribute to building trust and rapport with clients.
What is the difference between open and closed-ended questions?
- Open-ended questions: Encourage detailed responses
- Closed-ended questions: Elicit short or specific answers
Understanding when to use each type is key in counseling.
What factors influence food behavior?
- Cultural influences
- Emotional state
- Social interactions
- Economic status
- Finances!
- Time
- Nutriitonal knowledge
Recognizing these factors can help in creating effective dietary interventions.
When would you use silence in counseling?
To allow the client time to think or process their feelings.
After an open-ended question
* After a client has been given
the results of an evaluation
* During instructions for a
complex dietary regimen
* After an emotional reaction to
the demands of coping with a
newly diagnosed illness
* If it appears that your client
needs some space to process
information
Silence can be a powerful tool for reflection.
What is mirroring in counseling?
Imitating the client’s body language or speech style to create rapport. Make sur enot ot mock them though or incinuate that
Mirroring can enhance connection and understanding.
What is summarizing in counseling?
Providing a concise recap of what the client has shared during the session. Longer than paraphrases.
Summarizing helps ensure understanding and clarifies key points.
How can you help your patients increase self-efficacy?
Giving encouraging previous success stories, providing positive feedback, using optimism, and modeling desired behaviors.
Empowering patients can enhance their confidence and motivation.
Why can self-disclosure be helpful in counseling?
It can build trust and demonstrate that the counselor understands the client’s experience. We are not the food police!
However, it should be used carefully to avoid shifting focus away from the client.
How would you ensure your patient understood your instructions?
By asking them to paraphrase the instructions back to you, giving them a real life scenario.
This technique confirms comprehension and clarifies any confusion.
What levels of self-efficacy might a person experience through the stages of change?
- Self efficacy decreases from precontemplation to contemplation then increases from there
- Low self-efficacy in early stages
- Increasing self-efficacy in preparation
- High self-efficacy during action and maintenance
Tracking self-efficacy can guide intervention strategies.
