Midterm

Question 1

Information travel order

Answer 1

Dendrites, cell body, axon, synapse.

Question 2

Neurotransmitters

Answer 2

Chemicals transmitting signals across synapses.

Question 3

Somatic nervous system

Answer 3

Controls voluntary movements and sensory information.

Question 4

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

Regulates involuntary bodily functions.

Question 4

Hippocampus

Answer 4

Involved in memory formation and learning.

Question 4

Stages of neuro-development

Answer 4

Neurogenesis, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis, pruning.

Question 5

Classical conditioning

Answer 5

Learning through association between stimuli.

Question 6

Neuron

Answer 6

Basic unit of the nervous system transmitting signals.

Question 7

Synapse

Answer 7

Tiny gaps between neurons for signal transmission.

Question 8

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

Promotes rest and digest functions.

Question 9

Cerebellum

Answer 9

Coordinates movement and balance.

Question 10

Dopamine-producing brain stem region

Answer 10

Substantia nigra, involved in movement control

Question 11

Thalamus

Answer 11

Relays sensory information to the cortex.

Question 12

Pituitary gland

Answer 12

Regulates hormones and bodily functions.

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

Controls homeostasis and endocrine functions.

Question 14

Pineal gland hormone

Answer 14

Releases melatonin, regulating sleep cycles.

Question 15

Limbic system structures

Answer 15

Includes hippocampus, amygdala, and others.

Question 16

Amygdala

Answer 16

Processes emotions, especially fear and pleasure.

Question 17

Brain control lateralization

Answer 17

Left brain controls right body; vice versa.

Question 18

Agonist

Answer 18

Molecule enhancing neurotransmitter effects.

Question 19

Antagonist

Answer 19

Molecule blocking neurotransmitter effects.

Question 20

Neurotransmitter reuptake time

Answer 20

Duration varies; typically seconds to minutes.

Question 21

Neurogenesis

Answer 21

Formation of new neurons in the brain.

Question 22

Neuroplasticity

Answer 22

Brain’s ability to reorganize and adapt.

Question 23

Functions of neuroplasticity

Answer 23

Learning, memory, recovery from injury.

Question 24

Implicit memory

Answer 24

Unconscious memory for skills and tasks.

Question 25

Episodic memory

Answer 25

Memory of personal experiences and events.

Question 26

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 26

Inability to recall past memories.

Question 27

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 27

Inability to form new memories.

Question 28

Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors

Answer 28

Medications increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

Question 29

Oxytocin function

Answer 29

Regulates social bonding and reproductive behaviors.

Question 30

Ectoderm function

Answer 30

Outer layer developing into skin and nervous system.

Question 31

Dendrites

Answer 31

Branch-like extensions receiving input from other neurons.

Question 32

Neurotransmitter pathway

Answer 32

Crosses synapse, binds to receptor sites.

Question 33

Central Nervous System

Answer 33

Composed of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 34

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 34

Includes all nerves outside the CNS.

Question 35

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 35

Triggers fight or flight response

Question 36

Occipital lobe function

Answer 36

Processes visual information.

Question 37

Temporal lobe function

Answer 37

Involved in auditory processing and memory.

Question 38

Latest maturing brain region

Answer 38

Prefrontal cortex, involved in decision-making.

Question 39

Concept neurons

Answer 39

Neurons representing specific concepts or ideas.

Question 40

Levodopa

Answer 40

Medication used to treat Parkinson's disease.

Question 41

Dopamine

Answer 41

Neurotransmitter involved in reward and movement.