midterm Flashcards
genre of “berta berta”
work song
genre of “somebody’s talking about jesus”
traditional spiritual
genre/musician(s) of “swing low sweet chariot”
concert spiritual
fisk jubilee singers
genre of “de boatmen’s dance”
minstrel song
genre/musician(s) of “maple leaf rag”
classic ragtime
scott joplin
- b. 1867/68, texas
- prominent and influential composer of ragtime
- received free music lessons
- considered his music to be “art” music, African American Art Music
genre/musician(s) of “castle house rag”
instrumental ragtime
james reese europe
- b. 1880, alabama
- studied music, highly skilled pianist and conductor
- established the “Clef Club,” a gathering place / hiring hall for highly trained African American musicians, which lasted into the swing era
- being hired by the Castles allowed him to become the first black orchestra to sign a recording contract
genre of “alexander’s ragtime band”
coon song
genre/musician(s) of “down the dirt road blues”
country blues (1890s)
charley patton
genre/musician(s) of “lost your head blues”
vaudeville blues
bessie smith
genre/musician(s) of “tiger rag”
early jazz
original dixieland jazz band
genre/musician(s) of “dippermouth blues”
early jazz
joe oliver
genre/musician(s) of “black bottom stomp”
early jazz
jelly roll morton
genre/musician(s) of “cake walking babies from home”
early jazz
louis armstrong & sidney bechet
genre/musician(s) of “potato head blues”
early jazz
louis armstrong
genre/musician(s) of “west end blues”
early jazz
louis armstrong
genre/musician(s) of “singing the blues”
early jazz
frankie trumbauer & bix beiderbecke
genre/musician(s) of “wrappin’ it up”
swing
fletcher henderson
- b. 1897, georgia
- studied piano from age 6
- received a bachelor’s degree in chemistry, unable to continue to graduate, found work as a musician
- led an orchestra (most members of Clef Club)
- his model of instrumentation became a standard format for Harlem jazz and dance bands
genre/musician(s) of “black and tan fantasy”
swing
duke ellington
- b. 1899
- one of the first to recognize the importance of jazz through structured compositions, much like classical repertoire
- began his career in a band (NYC) which he took over, resided at the Cotton Club for 5 yrs (Harlem)
- title of song refers to the meeting of races in the Cotton Club
define vaudeville blues and it’s historical influence/progression
DEFINITION
- polished arrangements, 12 bar blues
- accessible to white audiences
- popularized & performed by black women
- accompanied by piano or a small jazz ensemble
INFLUENCE/PROGRESSION
- adapted blues for professional performance
- commercialized blues
define works songs and their historical influence/progression
DEFINITION
- steady pulse
- call & response
- body percussion
INFLUENCE/PROGRESSION
- to pass the time in enslavement
- maintains/regulates rhythm of work
- outlet for tension/struggles
IMPLICATIONS
- communication/resistance
define traditional spiritual and it’s historical influence/progression
DEFINITION
- religious,
- call & response
- expressive/dramatic
- body percussion and/or piano
INFLUENCE/PROGRESSION
- slavery era
- based in “camp meetings” which intended to convert both blacks and whites to christianity (starting around 1800)
- oral tradition, influenced gospel
IMPLICATIONS
- community
define concert spiritual and it’s historical influence/progression
DEFINITION
- arranged religious choral harmonic
- strong dynamics
INFLUENCE/PROGRESSION
- slavery era
- Euro classical influences
- based in “camp meetings” which intended to convert both blacks and whites to christianity (starting around 1800)
- popularized by fisk jubilee singers
- emphasized black artistry
define classic ragtime and it’s historical influence/progression
DEFINITION
- composed for and played on piano
- innovation: highly syncopated rhythms
INFLUENCE/PROGRESSION
- growth of tin pan alley
- characteristics of march (duple rhythm, strains, a trio)
- influenced by minstrel shows
- made famous by scott joplin
define minstrel songs and their historical influence/progression
DEFINITION
- simple, repetitive
- organic instruments
INFLUENCE/PROGRESSION
- post-civil war era
- performed by white musicians in blackface
- influenced by African American music, yet mockingly
- used as entertainment
- some Black musicians adapted tot the form to start careers
IMPLICATIONS
- reinforced racial stereotypes
define coon songs and their historical influence/progression
DEFINITION
- syncopated rhythms, similar to ragtime
- composed for piano
- performed in minstrel shows
INFLUENCE/PROGRESSION
- derived from minstrel traditions
- commercialized racist caricatures
- marketed to white audiences
define country blues and it’s historical influence/progression
DEFINITION
- solo vocal & guitar, raw
INFLUENCE/PROGRESSION
- sung informally, or for handicapped busking, or at local events
- developed from work songs & spirituals
define early jazz and it’s historical influence/progression
DEFINITION
- brass-based
- improvisation over a steady beat
INFLUENCE/PROGRESSION
- 1910s-1920s, cotton club, the harlem renaissance
- developed in new orleans to chicago and harlem
- influence from African rhythms
define swing and it’s historical influence/progression
DEFINITION
- big band arrangements
- strong, smooth feel
- call & response, improv
- intended for dancing
INFLUENCE/PROGRESSION
- 1930s-1940s
- related to cotton club & harlem renaissance
- based on tin pan alley & blues
- kansas innovations: groove, less influence from tpa/blues
what was the harlem renaissance?
- 1918-1930s
- cultural & artistic movement for African Americans
what was tin pan alley (tpa)?
- late 19th-early 20th century, New York
- songwriting & sheet-music industry
- capitalist music production
- song plugging
- relied on vaudeville shows
