Midterm Flashcards
types of love in ancient Greece
eros, philia, storge, ludus, agape, pragma, philautia
eros
sexual passion and desire
philia
friendship
storge
a type of philia love, but a kind of natural/instinctual affection; familial love
ludus
playful love
agape
universal love; selfless love
pragma
mature love (typically seen between married couples)
philautia
self-love (two types: one healthy, one not)
What four things does Eric Fromm believe you need to practice an art?
discipline, concentration, patience, and supreme concern for the mastery of the art
What does Fromm think most believe about love vs. what he believes?
Fromm believes most people think love is easy, it’s just finding the right person that’s hard; he believes love itself is what’s hard
What are the five things that Fromm said are needed to practice loving?
reason, humility, objectivity, courage
reason
faculty to think objectively
humility
emotional attitude behind reason
objectivity
faculty to see people and things as they are
rational faith
belief rooted in experience of thought and feeling
courage
ability to take a risk
evolution by natural selection
those individual organisms with heritable traits better suited to the
environment will survive
survival of the fittest
“fitness” = reproductive success; passing on genes, having babies
sexual selection
natural selection acting on mate-finding and reproductive behavior
kin selection
natural selection in favor of behavior by individuals that may decrease
their chance of survival but increases that of their kin (i.e, a means
by which sexual organisms propagate their DNA); group and not just individual-level selection
What is the Red Queen Hypothesis?
explains why sexual selection may be
preferred over asexual reproduction (offspring have variety; better chance of survival -less susceptible to viruses,
germs, threats)
What is the standard narrative of sexuality?
men tend to be more sexually motivated than women
What is the Kama Sutra?
ancient Indian Sanskrit text meant to serve as a guide to “sexuality, eroticism, and
emotional fulfillment”
What was the goal of the Kama Sutra?
to share the Hindu concept of “Purusharthas” or main goals of life (Guide to living well, nature of love, finding a life partner, maintaining love, methods for courtship, art of social graces, flirting, maintenance of power in marriage, what triggers desire, what sustains desire, etc.)
What did Margaret Mead believe?
she believed in cultural determinism (culture, not biology, ultimately shapes an individual’s perceptions and stances on sexual behavior and general character)
What is Hikikomori?
reclusive adolescents or adults in Japan who withdraw from society and seek extreme degrees of isolation and
confinement
What is sigheh?
a temporary marriage
What court cases with the 14th amendment?
Brown v. the Board of Education, Loving v. Virgina, and Obergerfell v. Hodges
How many neurons does the brain have?
100 billion
What are the different regions of the brain?
frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebellum, and brain stem
What are the three parts of the Triune Brain Model?
the primate brain, the mammalian brain, and the reptilian brain
reptillian brain
concerned with vital control centers (breathing, swallowing, heartbeat, etc.)
mammalian brain
concerned with emotions
primate brain
concerned with higher thinking
What is limbic resonace?
the capacity for empathy and non-verbal connection
that is present in mammals
What is a synapse, and what does it do?
A synapse is an active space between neurons; it permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell
What are the neurotransmitters of love?
dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, endorphins (opioids), oxytocin, vasopressin
dopamine
involved in reward
circuitry
norepinephrine
involved in the fight-or-flight
response
serotonin
involved in mood and emotional stability
endorphins
help to regulate emotional and physical pain along with pleasure, attachment, and sexuality
oxytocin
modulates bonding, social behavior, and attachment across a wide range of species
vasopressin
plays a less clear role in human bonding and attatchment
Increased oxytocin
leads to…
increased pair bonding in
females
Increased vasopressin leads to…
increased pair bonding in males
mirror neurons
a brain cell that reacts both when a particular action is performed and when it is only observed
frontal lobe
voluntary movement, expressive language, and for managing higher-level executive functions
parietal lobe
processes your sense of touch and assembles input from your other senses into a form you can use
temporal lobe
processes auditory information
occipital lobe
processes visual information
cerebellum
makes postural adjustments in order to maintain balance
brain stem
controls many vital functions, including breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and consciousness
What did the attachment experiment with monkeys prove?
attatchment isn’t just about physical needs being met
What is John Bowlby known for?
he pioneered attatchment theory
What was John Bowlyby’s main conclusion in his WHO publication?
“The infant and young child should experience a warm, intimate, and continuous relationship with his mother (or permanent mother substitute) in which both find satisfaction and enjoyment.”
What term did Konrad Lorenz coin?
imprinting
What is Mary Ainsworth known for?
she came up with different categories of attachment (secure, avoidant, etc.)
How often do sensitive caregivers get it right?
about 50% of the time
attunement
how reactive a person is to another’s emotional needs and mood
motherly love
unconditional
fatherly love
conditional
True or false: Love develops from the concept of giving or producing
true
What is the state of an infant according to Fromm?
one of narcissim
What is the concept of the “good enough mother”?
“The foundations of health are laid down by
the ordinary mother in her ordinary loving
care of her own baby”
Who came up with the concept of the “good enough mother”?
Donald Winnicott
What are some qualities associated with being popular among preschoolers?
being outgoing, being sociable, speaking more, smiling more, having a greater understanding of others‘ emotions
When are the three stages of friendship?
ages 4-7, ages 8-10, and ages 11-15
Stage 1 of friendship
Children see friends as like themselves, as people to share toys and activities with, and do not take personal traits into account.
Stage 2 of friendship
Children now begin to take other’s personal qualities and traits into consideration, friends are viewed in terms of the kind of rewards they provide, and friendships are based on mutual trust.
