MIDTERM Flashcards by Christian Cunanan

Hebrew word for this gathering of the people

Qahal

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greek equivalent of Qahal, means a convocation or an assembly

Ekklesia

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literally means “what belongs to the Lord”

Kyriake

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list the 3 types of Christian usage

-liturgical assembly
-local community
-the whole universal community of believers

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The question of the Catholic Church is not just ____________

academic

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The creation of the ________ was first clear sign of the Catholic Church’s origin

Twelve

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Jesus chooses who to be the rock of the Church’s foundation

Peter

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The reason behind the Catholic Church’s origin

Jesus is creating his new Church to teach, sanctify, and govern

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The external birth of the Church

Pentecost

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The Church began around ?

AD 30

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Pentecost being the closing festival of thee harvest and of the ___________ season

Paschal

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Who later became a zealous missionary for the Church embarking on four missionary voyages, spreading the message of the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles

Saul, aka St. Paul

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called to address the problem of Gentile converts and the mandates of Jewish law, specifically circumcision

The Council of Jerusalem

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The more the Roman government learned about Christians and Christianity, their hostility eventually led to the beginning of the ____________

persecutions

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The first persecution was ordered by Emperor ______ in 64 CE

Nero

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The second persecution occurred under _________ in 95 CE

Domitian

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The Emperors _________, __________, and __________ _________ picked up where Nero and Domitian left off

1.Trajan
2.Hadrian
3.Marcus Aurelius

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who wrote 7 letters encouraging Christian communities to practive their faith

St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch

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who wrote about Christianity from a philosophical standpoint, considered the first Christian philosopher

Justin Martyr

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was a North African layman who wrote a number of treatises defending the faith

Tertullian

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who wrote a very important work. entitled Against the Heresies

St. Iranaeus, Bishop of Lyons

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The Gnostics led by a man named

Marcion

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believing that two gods existed, one in the Old Testament and one in the New Testament

Gnosticism

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who insisted that those who were guilty of serious sin, such as apostasy, should be excommunicated and never allowed back into communion with the Church

Novatian

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who condemned Novation's theology insisting that even though one committed serious sin, they could still, through prayer and penance, be allowed back into the Church

Pope Cornelius

who signed the Edict of Milan

Emperor Constantine

When did Constantine become Emperor

312 CE

What was signed to officially end the persecutions

Edict of Milan

preaching that Jesus, though the Son of God, was created - meaning He did not exist from the beginning

Arianism

To defend the Church's position and defeat this hew heresy, named Arianism, the Church called for an ___________ ___________

Ecumenical Council

the first ecumenical council in Nicea

Nicene Creed

Where was the Nicene Creed developed

Nicea

claiming that Mary could not be called Theootokos - "Mother of God"

Nestorianism

What council dealt with Nestorianism

Council of Ephesus

One of the Church's most influential Popes, ascended the throne of Peter

St. Leo

One of the Church's greatest theologians, wrote volumes on theological topics such as grace, salvation, and the Holy Spirit

St. Augustine

led a life of work and prayer

St. Benedict

Islam was started by

Mohammed

where was Mohammad born

Mecca

Jerusalem fell to the Muslims in what year

632

the council that restored the ancient practice of the veneration of icons

Second Council of Nicea

Crowned as the first Holy Roman Emperor after Constantine

Charlemagne

3 abuses that crept into the Church

-Simony -Nepotism -Lay Investiture

the buying and selling of religious offices

Simony

when a king or lord gave a vacant religious office to one of their relatives

Nepotism

when a king or lord would make someone Bishop without the approval of Rome

Lay Investiture

When did the Great Schism occer

1054

What is the Great Schism

the spilt between the Eastern and Western Church

The seat of the Eastern Church was in ___________ while the Western was in _______

1. Constantinople 2. Rome

The head of the Eastern Church was the _________ while the Wester was _______

1. Patriarch 2. Pope

The Eastern Church used the ________ language while Western used ________

1. Greek 2. Latin

Eastern Church used __________ bread while Western used __________ breas

1. Leavened 2. Unleavened

Western Church used the __________ while the Eastern did not

filioque

who called numerous synods and gatherings to combat the abuses that had made their way into the Church

Popes Leo IX and Gregory VII

Gregory wrote and published the "__________" which gave the Bishop of Rome supreme authority over the entire Church

Dictates

When was the beginning of the Crusades

1088-1099

held in 1123, 1139 and 1179 contributed to the reform of the Church

The Lateran Councils

specifically dealt with the abuses of lay investiture and simony

Lateran I

this council decided that a two-thirds majority vote by the College of Cardinals was needed to elect the Pope

Lateran III

were religious who renounced both possessions and property, their vow of poverty and desire to take the Gospel into the heart of society was revolutionary

The Medicants

2 saints were principally responsible for the growth of the mendicant orders, who were they

Francis of Assisi and Dominic Guzman

who founded the Order of Friar Minors (Franciscans)

Francis of Assisi

who founded the Order of Preachers (Dominicans)

Dominic Guzman

His pontificate focused on reforming the clergy, curia, re-shaping the administrative structures of the Church and evangelization.

Pope Innocent III

this council dealt with the Eucharist, the Inquisition, the faithful and the education of priests

4th Lateran Council

official document from the Council of __________, the ecclesiastical authorities issues their vigilant decision against the recurrence of heresies

Toulouse

An ordained Augustinian priest that developed 2 doctrines that were directly opposed to the teachings of the Catholic Church

Martin Luther

When did Luther made public his "famous" ninety-five thesis that questioned and challenged numerous teachings of the Catholic Church

November 1st, 1517

what council was the Church's response to the Protestant Revolt

Council of Trent

King Henry VIII made himself the head of the Church of England through the "____ ___ ____________"

Act of Supremacy

this movement consisted of anti-religious elements and in many ways became a religion on its own

The Enlightenment

what were the 2 theological positions that emerged out of the Enlightenment

Jansenism and Gallicanism

claiming that God gave grace only to those He "wished" to save

Jansenism

a movement fueled by kings and monarchs, to limit the power of the papacy and put that power into the hands of the government

Gallicanism

This document put the Church and clergy under the control of the state

Civil Constitution of the Clergy