Midterm Flashcards
digital dualism
false dichotomy that the digital world is “fake” and the physical world is “real”
technological determinism
the view that tech is the chief cause of social change; people don’t use tech, they are used by it
technological affordances
the actions tech enables through its design
constituative choices/moments
early choices that may bias later ones and shape path of fevelopment
American exceptionalism in media
role of government in subsidizing the press, protection of free speech, access to information and intellectual property, compulsory education, restrictions on gov oversight of media
cultural diamond
interconnected relation ship between cultural objects, their creator, receiver, and the social world it exists in
intellectual property rights
temporary, transferrable monopoly (105 years) on a piece of media enforced by the state
market demand
aggregate desires of potential customers in a given industry or organizational field
fee-based funding
requires quality and market demand, doesn’t require pandering for advertisers
ad-supported funding
requires appealing to certain demographics (with disposable income: young people and elderly)
public funding
a significant proportion of the media outlet’s budget is supported through designated taxes or government allocation
licensing fees
in other countries, public media is funded by licensing fees of tvs in households. public broadcasting has basically fizzled out since the US doesn’t have independent funding
vertical integration
when media companies try to buy up more of the parts within a single industry
horizontal integration
conglomerates buying media properties across several industries
homogenization hypothesis
concentration of ownership leads to reduced diversity
hotelling-steiner effect
concentration of ownership leads to increased diversity, because of decreased competition
format diversity
different categories of content available
idea diversity
variety of religious, political, or social ideas represented
demographic diversity
variety of types of people represented in media
open vs closed systems
Lopes research: many vs few platforms, regardless of monopolized ownership dictate diversity; only factors in format diversity
casual viewing
passive consumption of content encouraged by Netflix so that quality is not necessitated
Typical Netflix Movie
algorithmic in house Netflix productions that have become standard, to cut costs
Perfect Fit Content
Music creation in production companies who partner with Spotify, which are placed on official playlist and are cheaper than paying royalties to actual artists
ghost artists
artists actually making PFC, make music in accordance with what production companies ask for, forfeiting ownership for stability
constant hazard
facilitated by mass communication by an external force
endogenous hazard/s curve
spreads by word of mouth
FCC
founded in 1934 to regulate radio, telephone, and telegraph systems, today regulates tv, cable, satellite, wireless networks, and the Internet; moderates access, ownership, and content
regulation/deregulation
increased concentration of ownership and monopolies, favored by the right vs restriction on ownership and vertical integration, favored by the left
public interest
digital inequities
access/ lack thereof to modern communication and information technologies and skills to use it
net neutrality
regulation of the internet as a utility, stops discrimination of internet speeds by providers against their competitors and buy in to faster rates
The Fairness Doctrine
1949-1987, required political diversity in broadcasting
digital resignation
consumers being aware and disliking their data being held by companies, but feeling nothing can be done about it
obsfuscatory practices
efforts tech companies make to hide data tracking from consumers, like privacy policies and transparency initiatives
Culture Industry System
technical subsystem (artists) -> filter 1 -> manegerial subsystem(organizations)->filter 2 ->institutional subsystem -> filter 3 -> consumers
Reflection theory
media as a reflection of society
Loper-Bright
recent case that determined the FCC does not have the power to enforce net neutrality, (likewise reduces power of executive branch) congress must pass it into law
mass vs popular culture
media culture as something projected onto the public vs something cultivated and engaged with by the public
why the Minot, ND accident is relevant to media concentration
