Midterm

Question 1

Syllabus Information

Answer 1

AERO 310 - Technological innovations that have led to modern aircraft and spacecraft as viewed from a historical perspective.

Question 2

Ancient Myth - Kind Menos

Answer 2

Island of Crete, owned Menator. Daedalus and Icarus built labarynth for beast, other captors would be led, died. String to get out. Daedalus made wings made of feathers and wax, Icarus flew too close to sun, dies

Question 3

Ancient symbols of aviation (7)

Answer 3

Cupid, Apollo, Nike (Victory Goddess), Pegasus, Mercury, angels, Elijah (flaming chariot to heaven)

Question 4

Developments for Powered Flight (11)

Answer 4

engine/fuel, propulsion, aerodynamics (lifting surfaces, airfoils, wings), landing gear, materials, structure, configuration, controls (last), pilot skills (last), aeronautical knowledge, creativity

Question 5

Aristotle & Meduim Theory

Answer 5

If you apply energy to an object, as long as you have that energy there, the object will continue its motion. Consistent the whole time. Ex: feather on wind

Question 6

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 6

(1452-1519) Human flight. Over 500 sketches, writings about it. Works were only discovered recently. Concept of Consensabilit - relative velocity was key, imagine flapping and soaring flight.

Question 7

da Vinci inventions/ studies (6)

Answer 7

wing construction, retractable landing gear, parachute, helicopter, streamlining, gliders

Question 8

da Vinci mistakes

Answer 8

Man could not operate anything he made because it was too heavy. Now we have human powered machines, 69 lbs. flew form Crete to Santorini in 1987.

Question 9

Johan and Daniel Bernoulli

Answer 9

(1660s-1780s) Bernoulli Principle - velocity and pressure. Send something though a tube, and have the middle skinnier, it will go much faster through the skinny middle. Low pressure in the middle and high on either side. 75% of lift

Question 10

Montogolfier Brothers

Answer 10

(1780s) Etienne and Joseph were French paper-makers near Lyons. First aerial balloon flight, using hot air and hydrogen

Question 11

Balloons in France

Answer 11

(mid 1800s) people began hot air-ballooning. Huge fad, but slowed down around 1875 because of French Revolution. Andre Jaques Gernerin

Question 12

Andre Jacques Gernerin

Answer 12

French, first human to parachure form balloon at 3,000 ft.

Question 13

Count Von Zeppelin

Answer 13

(mid 1800s) German, served in German army as general, began designing aircrafts which would later turn into blimps. Founded Zeppelin Airship Company (built Hidenburg). Interst sparked when visiting US balloon camp.

Question 14

Sir George Cayley

Answer 14

English aristocrat, wealthy, educated. Balloons and gliders. Many developments methods

Question 15

Sir George Cayley inventions

Answer 15

tail for stability, landing gear, bi-planes, developed cambered shape for wings and propellers. Identified forces of lift, drag and thrust, published everything

Question 16

Octave Chanute

Answer 16

(1832-1910) Third Wright brother. Engineer. Bridge knowledge applied to wings on bi-planes. “Pratt Truss Bracing”. First great historian of aviation

Question 17

Who was the first great historian of aviation, and third Wright brother?

Answer 17

Ocatave Chanute

Question 18

Samuel Pierpont Langley

Answer 18

(1834-1906) American mathmatician and astronomer. Builds table-sized models that ran on steam or petrol. would stay up until ran out of fuel. Failed Aerodrome

Question 19

The Wright Brothers - scientific achievements

Answer 19

Fixed Smeton factor. Broke down flying into 3 issues; wings/lift, control, pilot. First flier - 750 lbs. First to fly (1902 glider, 1903 powered)

Question 20

The Wright Brothers - 1900, 1901, 1902

Answer 20

1900 - First glider run, poor results at Kitty Hawk

1901 - 2nd glider run, not enough lift (Smeton issues)

1902 - glider big enough, 3 exis control. Success

Question 21

The Wright Brothers - 1903

Answer 21

Built own engine, design propeller. December 17th 4 flights. 12sec/120ft, 12/175, 15/200, 59/852.

Applies for patent

Question 22

The Wright Brothers - personal qualities

Answer 22

No formal engineering training, bicycle makers. Wilbur got hit in the mouth with a hockey stick, making the kids closer. Educated parents. “Great patent wars” 1906-09. Stopped flying until they could sell product. Wilbur dies, Orville sells company in 1915.

Question 23

Which Wright brother was piloting the first flights in 1903?

Answer 23

Orville Wright

Question 24

The Wright Brothers - Orville Wright

Answer 24

1916-48 he was a consultant, and on a quest to get credit for the first flight. Flyer was in London until Smithsonian gave them credit.

Question 25

The Wright Brothers - TIMELINE

Answer 25

1896 - Wilbur and Hockey stick

1900 - 1st failed glider attempt

1902 - glider succeedes. Success

1903, Dec. 17 - First flight

1909 - great patent wars

1912 - Wilbur dies

1948 - Smithsonian admits they are the first to fly

Question 26

Glenn Curtiss & AEA

Answer 26

Gets funding from AEA. Wins Reim air show in his gold plane. Business takes off because of AEA. His planes are more stable and faster than the Wrights.

Question 27

Glenn Curtiss

Answer 27

Motorbikes. 136 mph on motorbike. Builds motor for Bauldwin’s balloon. Meets Wright brothers. Lawsuits later. Army contract for $2 mil to build planes. 1929 - Wright company is sold to Curtiss. Shares ideas freely. May be top contributor to aviation. First pilot’s license

Question 28

Glenn Curtiss - TIMELINE

Answer 28

1906 - builds motors for Balloons

1908 - AEA

1909 - Wins Reims Air show, makes first aviation school

1914 - Bankrupt by Wright Brothers patent wars

1917 - Commissioned by Navy to produce planes

1929 - Curtiss’ company merges with Wrights.

Question 29

Pre WWI pilots - Snatos-Dumont

Answer 29

France’s father of aviation

Question 30

Pre WWI pilots - Luis Oleriot

Answer 30

First person to fly across the English Channel in 1909

Question 31

Pre WWI pilots - Captain Thomas Baldwin

Answer 31

Flew ballons with Motors

Question 32

Pre WWI pilots - Luis Paulhan

Answer 32

French Airshows, and LA airshows

Question 33

Pre WWI pilots - Lincoln Beachey

Answer 33

Air stuny pilot, famous for loopdi-loops. Dies in 1915 in a plance crash

Question 34

Pre WWI pilots - Raymonde de Laroche

Answer 34

First locenced French pilot

Question 35

Pre WWI pilots - Blanche Stuart Scott

Answer 35

Trained at Curtiss school

Question 36

Pre WWI pilots - Harriet Quimby

Answer 36

First woman licenced pilot (1911), flew across English channel. No seatbelts

Question 37

Pre WWI pilots - Ruth Law and Matilde Moisant

Answer 37

air shows and stunts

Question 38

Pre WWI pilots - Katherine and Marjorie Stinson

Answer 38

Stinson sisters, air shows, very popular, formed the Sinson aircraft company

Question 39

Hindenburg

Answer 39

Named after German politican. Rigid airship. Built by Zeppelin company. Hydrogen. 17 transatlantic flights. May 6th, 1937 it explodes, 36 people die. May have been tampered with

Question 40

Lockheed Vega

Answer 40

Little red plane. Used ina number of record-breaking flights, including Amelia Earhart (solo transatlantic flight). Good, durable plane for long flights.

Question 41

AEA

Answer 41

The Aerial Experiment Association - 1908. Formed by Alexander Gram Bell, great aviation minds. Made up of Frank Baldwin, Douglad McCurdy, Lt. Thomas Selfridge, Glenn Curtiss. Funds avances in aviation.

Question 42

Billy Michell

Answer 42

(1879-1936) Seen as the father of the U.S. Air Force. Develops bombs using navel artillery bombs, fins on projectiles. Courtmarshaled because of statements made against Army and Navy. Said Hawaii would be bombed

Question 43

Charles Lindbergh - TIMELINE

Answer 43

1922 - First flight, hooked, buys a plane

1925 - US contracts out Air Mail, Lindbergh employed

1927 May 20/21 - solo transatlantic flight

1932 - Charles Jr. kidnapped/killed

1934 - Butts heads against Roosevelt about war

Question 44

Charles Lindbergh - Transatlantic flight

Answer 44

May 20/21 1927. Hotel Ortig prize extended forom 1919. Bad weather. Single engine plane, fuel tanks infront of pilot. 451 gallons, used 366 g at 33.5 hrs. 11 gph. Head wind. Reg N-X-211 RYAN NYP. Great circle route, used dead reckoning.