Midterm Flashcards
What is Planetary Health?
Planetary Health refers to the health of human civilization and the state of the natural systems on which it depends.
Planetary health emphasizes the interdependence of human health and environmental health.
What is Global Health?
Global Health focuses on health issues that transcend national boundaries and are best addressed by collaborative actions.
It encompasses a wide range of health issues, including infectious diseases, health equity, and health security.
What are the defining characteristics of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
The SDGs are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all by 2030.
They consist of 17 goals that address global challenges including inequality, climate change, and peace.
What are the Determinants of Health?
Determinants of Health are factors that influence an individual’s health status, including social, economic, environmental, and biological factors.
They help to explain health disparities among different populations.
What is climate change?
Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other elements of the Earth’s climate system.
It is primarily driven by human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion.
What is global warming?
Global warming is the ongoing rise in global average temperature, mainly due to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
It is a major aspect of climate change.
What is ‘The Great Acceleration’?
‘The Great Acceleration’ refers to the rapid increase in human activity and its impact on the planet since the mid-20th century.
This includes population growth, economic expansion, and technological advancements.
What is ‘The Great Transition’?
‘The Great Transition’ refers to the shift towards sustainable practices and lifestyles to address climate change and other global challenges.
It emphasizes the need for systemic change in society.
What has primarily driven climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution?
Human activities, particularly industrialization, deforestation, and fossil fuel consumption, have primarily driven these issues.
These activities increase greenhouse gas emissions and disrupt ecosystems.
What are examples of environmental racism?
Examples of environmental racism include disproportionate exposure of marginalized communities to pollution and hazardous waste.
It highlights the inequities faced by these communities in terms of environmental protection.
What does action within the ‘Anthropocene and Health’ domain of the Planetary Health Education Framework (PHEF) look like?
Action within this domain includes promoting sustainable health practices and addressing the health impacts of environmental changes.
It emphasizes the interconnectedness of human and environmental health.
What does the São Paulo Declaration on Planetary Health primarily focus on?
The São Paulo Declaration focuses on the interconnections between human health and environmental sustainability.
It calls for urgent actions to address planetary health crises.
What do the determinants of planetary health from an Indigenous consensus perspective focus on?
They focus on three interconnected levels: individual, community, and ecological.
This perspective emphasizes the holistic nature of health.
What are actions that mitigate the effects of climate change?
Actions include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting renewable energy, and enhancing carbon sinks.
These efforts aim to limit global temperature rise and protect ecosystems.
What is ecological grief or anxiety?
Ecological grief or anxiety is the emotional response to environmental loss and degradation.
It reflects the psychological impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss.
What are the impacts of climate change on health?
Impacts include increased incidence of heat-related illnesses, respiratory issues from air pollution, and vector-borne diseases.
Vulnerable populations are often disproportionately affected.
What are environmental risk factors for the global burden of disease?
Environmental risk factors include air pollution, water quality, and exposure to hazardous substances.
These factors contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Why do climate change-related disasters highlight inequities in countries?
They disproportionately affect marginalized and low-income populations who have fewer resources to adapt and recover.
This exacerbates existing health disparities.
What is governance?
Governance refers to the processes and structures through which organizations and societies make decisions and manage resources.
Effective governance is crucial for addressing health and environmental challenges.
What does a health and human rights approach to global health require?
It requires recognizing health as a fundamental human right and ensuring equitable access to healthcare.
This approach promotes social justice and accountability in health systems.
What are leading causes of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and death in high-income countries (HICs) compared to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)?
In HICs, leading causes include non-communicable diseases, while in LMICs, infectious diseases and maternal/child health issues are prevalent.
Trends indicate a shift in disease burden as countries develop.
Globally, which two conditions are among the top causes of death?
Ischemic heart disease and stroke.
These conditions are significant contributors to mortality worldwide.
What do the YLL, YLD, and DALY measure?
YLL (Years of Life Lost), YLD (Years Lived with Disability), and DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Year) measure different aspects of disease burden.
They provide insights into mortality and morbidity.
How do you calculate DALYs?
DALYs are calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs.
This provides a comprehensive view of the impact of health issues on populations.
