Midterm Flashcards
What does SBAR stand for?
Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
What is the purpose of SBAR?
To facilitate effective communication in healthcare settings.
What is involved in the Situation component of SBAR?
Identify yourself, identify the patient, and the reason for initiating the communication.
What is included in the Background component of SBAR?
Relevant history or data needed to evaluate the situation.
What does the Assessment component of SBAR entail?
The assessment made and the problem believed to be occurring.
What is the Recommendation component of SBAR?
Define the actions needed and recommend specific solutions to the issue.
What are the roles of a pharmacist?
Evaluate patients’ health records and drug therapy regimen, provide drug information, and counsel patients.
What is the goal of the PPCP?
To optimize patient health and medication outcomes.
What are the foundational components of PPCP?
Collaborate, communicate, document.
What is a drug-related problem?
An event involving drug treatment that interferes with optimal patient outcomes.
What does SOAP stand for?
Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan
What is the normal temperature range for adults?
97.5 to 99 F (36.4 to 37.2 C)
What regulates body temperature?
The hypothalamus.
What are the thermometer routes for measuring temperature?
Oral, rectal (most accurate), axillary, tympanic, temporal.
What is the normal heart rate range?
60-100 bpm
What is bradycardia?
Heart rate less than 60 bpm.
What is tachycardia?
Heart rate greater than 100 bpm.
What is the normal respiratory rate?
12-20 rpm
What is bradypnea?
Respiratory rate less than 12 rpm.
What is tachypnea?
Respiratory rate greater than 20 rpm.
What defines hypertension?
Blood pressure elevated at 130/80.
What defines hypotension?
Blood pressure low at <90/60.
What factors can affect blood pressure?
Age, exercise, emotions, weight, race, medications, smoking, caffeine.
What is hematopoiesis?
The process of blood cell production.
What is the normal value range for leukocytes (WBC)?
4000-10000.
What does LDL stand for?
Low-Density Lipoprotein (bad cholesterol).
What does HDL stand for?
High-Density Lipoprotein (good cholesterol).
What are triglycerides?
The most common type of fat.
What are phospholipids?
Major components of cell membranes.
What is the normal sodium level in the blood?
135-145 meq/L.
What can cause airway inflammation?
Inhaling dust, mold, and pollen.
What is asthma?
A chronic disorder causing inflammation in the airways.
What can infections like the flu lead to?
Pneumonia or bronchitis.
What are some respiratory disorders?
Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
What types of inhalers are there?
Diskus and Respimat are long-acting; pumps are short-acting.
What is important about priming inhalers?
Prime MDI and SMI; do not prime DPI.
What does PQRSTA-MAC stand for?
Quickly, Establish, Suggest, Talk.
What does the ‘P’ in PQRSTA represent?
Precipitating Factors (what makes symptoms worse).
What does the ‘Q’ in PQRSTA represent?
Quality (what is it like).
What does the ‘R’ in PQRSTA represent?
Radiation (where is the pain).
What does the ‘S’ in PQRSTA represent?
Severity (rate symptoms).
What does the ‘T’ in PQRSTA represent?
Temporal (when did it start).
What does the ‘A’ in PQRSTA represent?
Associated Symptoms (any other symptoms).
What is the most important lab panel for kidney function?
BMP (creatinine, BUN).
What does GFR stand for?
Glomerular Filtration Rate.
What are exogenous markers for kidney function?
Inulin, iothalamate.
What are endogenous markers for kidney function?
BUN, Cystatin C, SCr.
What is the normal range for BUN?
8-20; increases with decreased GFR.
What is the formula for EGRF?
EGRF = 0.423 * height (cm) / SCr.
What does ABW stand for?
Actual Body Weight.
What does IBW stand for?
Ideal Body Weight.
What is the formula for IBW for males?
M = 50 + 2.3(height(in) - 60).
What is the formula for IBW for females?
F = 45.5 + 2.3(height(in) - 60).
What is the formula for Adjusted Body Weight (AdjBW)?
AdjBW = IBW + 0.4(ABW - IBW).
When should you use AdjBW?
Use the lower of ABW versus IBW unless ABW is greater than IBW by 30% or more.
What are the components of PCCP?
Collect, Assess, Plan Implement, Follow-up
