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Pre Ap World History/Geography > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Code of Hammurabi

A

one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes created by King Hammurabi in Babylon Mesopotamia. Harsh laws

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2
Q

What is Code of Hammurabi known for?

A

harshness and “eye for an eye” (based on social status)

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3
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh

A

an ancient Sumerian and Akkadian epic poem about the eponymous hero, Gilgamesh in cuneiform

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4
Q

10 Commandments

A

Christianity ; how to live a better life now and please God forever

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5
Q

Eight Features of Civilization

A

Cities, Central Government, Complex Religion, writing, Job Specialization, Social Hierarchy, Public Works

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6
Q

Cities in Eight Features of Civilization

A

surplus- (food) more than you need to survive
Better nutrition –>healthier babies –> better chance of survival –>population growth

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7
Q

Central Government
in Eight Features of Civilization

A

Develops in order to provide rules and laws. When authority comes from one place.First Governments- run by 2 social classes (Warriors & Priests)

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8
Q

Complex Religion in Eight Features of Civilization

A

Purpose to explain the unknown
2 main types—– Poleytheistic- belief in more than one god. Example: Hinduism
Monotheism- Belief in one god. Example: Chirstianity, Judaism
Early people used sacrifice to appease the gods
Arts and architecture
Ex. - Houses (shelter)
Places of worship (temples)
Military installations
Roads, bridges, canals
Artisans- skilled crafts people
Ex: Jewelry, crafts, paintings etc.

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9
Q

Writing in Eight Features of Civilization

A

Why- write laws
business transactions
Stories/history
religious beliefs
Contracts
Pictogram/ Pictograph
Early form of writing in which a symbol represents an idea.
Famous one: Cuneiform
Scribes Specialized writers, Readers

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10
Q

Job Specialization in Eight Features of Civilization

A

As life becomes more complex, people begin focusing on specific occupations.
Ex: scribes Artisans Farmers Priest Bureaucrats

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11
Q

Social Hierarchy in Eight Features of Civilization

A

(Levels of Social Classes) “RANK”
Ex- fewer people/ higher authority/ power
Priests
Warriors
Scribes
Artisans
Peasants/ farmers (most of the population)

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12
Q

Eight Features of Civilization

A

Public works- man made structures etc. that are for the benefit of the entire society
ex - roads
Sidewalks
Bridges
Highways
Streetlights
Public pools

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13
Q

Bureaucracy

A

any government that uses separate departments to fulfill different functions.

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14
Q

Neolithic Revolution

A

the transition in human history from people who hunted and gathered to farming

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15
Q

How did the Neolithic Revolution bring about fundamental changes to human society?

A

neolithic revolution changed society by introducing agriculture and domesticating animals.

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16
Q

What are the key aspects of the river valley civilization?

A

Mesopotamia
1 - rivers ( tigris and Euphrates)
2 - farming
3 - cities (babylon and uruk)
4 - writing (cuneiform)
5 - laws ( code of Hammurabi)
6 - religion (ziggurats)

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17
Q

Zhou dynasty

A
  • longest china dynasty
  • mandate of heaven ( rulers had gods approval but could lose it if they are unjust)
  • divided land among nobles who ruled section for the king
  • used iron tools
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18
Q

Qin dynasty

A
  • ended wars between states and created one empire
  • strict rules and punishments
  • legalism
  • short dynasty
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19
Q

legalism

A

based on the viewpoint that in order for a ruler to maintain order in society, people must obey a set of strict laws and those in authority

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20
Q

Han Dynasty

A
  • expanded trade (silk road)
  • golden age (art science technology)
  • Confucianism
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21
Q

Confucianism

A

a system of social and ethical philosophy rather than a religion

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22
Q

Dynastic Cycle

A

a pattern of the rise and fall of dynasties in China

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23
Q

Qin Shi Huangdi

A
  • first emperor
  • unified china
  • created legalism
  • started great wall of china
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24
Q

Daoism

A

an ancient Chinese belief system which emphasizes harmony with the natural, balanced order of the universe.

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25
Q

Compare and Contrast the three main schools of thought of Chinese philosophy

A

Confucianism - social harmony, filial piety (respect elders)
doaism - living in harmony, simple life, peace
legalism - strict law and harsh punishments, government is in control

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26
Q

Maurya Dynasty

A
  • Chandragupta Maurya founder
  • askhoka the great - famous ruler who spread buddism
  • strong gov and large army
  • India
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27
Q

Gupta Dynasty

A
  • golden age of India
  • created “0” math and astronomy
  • Hinduism
28
Q

Impact of geography on Indian political institutions

A

influenced development of sperate kingdoms and trade routes.
fertile rivers supported strong empires
natural barriers protected from invasions

29
Q

Hinduism:

A

Karma, Dharma, Reincarnation, Caste System, Upanishads, Moksha. etc.

30
Q

Buddhism:

A

Sidhatha Gautama, Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, Nirvana, etc.

31
Q

How did Athens and Sparta compare in their cultural and political values?

A

Athens - education arts and democracy. valued individual freedom
Sparta - military strength and discipline. less freedom all trained to be a warrior

32
Q

Pericles and Democracy

A

key leader in Athens

33
Q

Alexander the Great

A

created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to northwestern India.
largest empire in history

34
Q

Hellenistic Age

A

after ATG death
Greek culture spread across the eastern hemisphere

35
Q

Reincarnation

A

the belief that the soul, upon death of the body, comes back to earth in another body or form

36
Q

Four Noble Truths -

A

buddism
the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering

37
Q

Eightfold Path -

A

the eight elements a Buddhist must achieve a deal with the elements of thought, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.
- guide people towards wisdom ethical conduct and mental discipline.

38
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

gave each dynasty their right to rule. And justification for why power should remain in the family for generations.

39
Q

Zhou

A

ruled ancient China for some eight centuries
mandate of heaven
iron and agriculture advances

40
Q
A

an ancient civilization founded in the Mesopotamia region of the Fertile Crescent situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Known for their innovations in language, governance, architecture and more

41
Q

Ziggurats

A

Temples built for the gods, mesopotamia

42
Q

Socrates

A

an ancient Greek philosopher who taught and talked about happiness and virtue.

43
Q

Plato

A

a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle

44
Q

Aristotle -

A

a very famous philosopher and scientist

45
Q

Written records -

A

documents or inscriptions created by individuals or societies to capture and preserve information, events, and knowledge

46
Q

Limited direct democracy -

A

a democratic system is which there are some things over which the people have no say.

47
Q

Persia

A

the dominant nation of western Asia for over twelve centuries

48
Q

city state

A

a political system consisting of an independent city having sovereignty over contiguous territory and serving as a centre and leader of political, economic, and cultural life.

49
Q

ancient greece

A

period of political, philosophical, artistic, and scientific achievements that formed a legacy with unparalleled influence.

49
Q

Sumerian Religious beliefs -

A

polytheistic, with followers worshipping several main gods and thousands of minor gods

50
Q

Law Codes

A

a more or less systematic and comprehensive written statement of laws

51
Q

Himalaya Mountains

A

The region is the birthplace of the Buddha, and is full of sacred natural sites such as secret valleys and high mountain lakes that predate ancient Hinduism

52
Q

Golden Guptas -

A

their biggest accomplishment was math and science. Mainly math. Ex decimals and zero
the Golden Age of India

53
Q

Odyssey

A
  • Greek epic poem attributed to the ancint Greek poet Homer.
54
Q

Mahabharata

A

an ancient Indian epic
one of a number of books that make up hinduism.
Vetas is first one.

55
Q

Political science -

A

ocuses on the theory and practice of government and politics

56
Q

Cradles of Civilization

A

Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient India and Ancient China

57
Q

River Valley Civilizations

A

Mesopotamians - Fertile Crescent on the Tigris/Euphrates rivers
Ancient Chinese - Yellow River, Ancient India - the Indus

58
Q

where where oracle bones used

59
Q

Urbanization -

A
  • began in ancient Mesopotamia
  • the process by which rural communities grow to form cities, or urban centers
60
Q

Rosetta Stone

A
  • the key to understanding Egyptian hieroglyphs
61
Q

Cultural Diffusion -

A

when certain cultural values, ideas, or even cultures are adopted by different cultures

62
Q

Social Hierarchy

A

the structured ranking of individuals and groups in societies based on factors like wealth, power, and status

63
Q

Mencius

A

an early Chinese philosopher whose development of orthodox Confucianism

64
Q

Yin / Yang

A

shows a balance between two opposites with a portion of the opposite element in each section

Pre Ap World History/Geography (1 decks)

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