MIDTERM Flashcards
Which part/parts of the cardiac cycle would right ventricular collapse possibly indicate cardiac tamponade physiology?
Diastole
What are the echocardiographic findings of Pericardial Effusion?
Pericardial Effusion size ranges from trivial to very large
Can be circumferential or loculated
What is the minimum percentage of reciprocal respiratory changes in RV and LV filling that is indicative of cardiac tamponade physiology?
25%
The size of a moderate pericardial effusion is considered when the separation between the heart and the parietal pericardium is ______ to ______ .
0.5 to 2.0 cm
Effusion is sometimes present and helps secure the diagnosis in a patient with pericarditis
True
Which part/parts of the cardiac cycle would right atrial collapse possibly indicate cardiac tamponade physiology?
Systole
Which type of effusion is most likely to result in tamponade?
Acute
What are the 2 layers of the pericardium?
Visceral and Parietal
Pericardial thickening can happen with or without an effusion present
True
With ________, on M-mode multiple parallel bright lines would be seen as well as — is described as a bright echogenic pericardium on 2D imaging.
Pericardial Thickening
In ___ the pericardium is thickened, and fibrotic with loss of pericardial space and impairment of late diastolic ventricular filling.
Constrictive pericarditis
Normal intrapericardial pressure ranges from -5 mmHg during expiration to +5 mmHg during inspiration
- 5 mmHg during inspiration to +5 mmHg during expiration
What is most often the origin of acute pericarditis?
Idiopathic
Which of the following are common causes of pericarditis?
Post-cardiac surgery
Pneumococcus infection
Neoplasia
penetrating chest trauma
Uremia
The rate of accumulation of fluid and the volume of fluid of a pericardial effusion are inconsequential to physiology of the heart.
False
You can determine whether a pericardial effusion is infective or inflammatory in etiology by echo
False
If a patient has an aortic valve opening of .7cm^2 and a velocity of 4.1m/s what is the severity of the AV stenosis?
Severe AS
Flow proximal to a stenotic valve ___
Smooth and laminar
Which type of aortic stenosis is characterized by commissure fusion?
Bicuspid AV
What percent of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis also have rheumatic aortic stenosis?
30%
If a patient has a MVA 1.61 cm^2, and a mean gradient of 8 mmHg, it would indicate ___ mitral stenosis.
Moderate
The patient has a peak velocity across the aortic valve of 4.3 m/second. What is the peak aortic valve gradient?
73.96 mmHg
A subaortic membrane causing LVOT obstruction is located where?
Below the valve (LV side)
Type out the AVA continuity equation.
((LVOT diam)^2 x 0.785 x LVOT VTI)/AV VTI
If a patient has mitral stenosis, what is the equation to calculate MVA?
220/PHT
Doppler assessment of a stenotic aortic valve should be attempted from which 3 windows?
SSN
Apical 5
Right sternal border
