Midterm Flashcards
What is Tourism?
Providing products and services such as transport, accommodation, and activities to customers (tourists).
What is Ecotourism?
Visiting a place to enjoy the natural environment without causing damage.
What is Accommodation?
A place where people stay (e.g., hotel).
What are Ecolodges?
Small-scale farms of accommodation that are environmentally sustainable (often found in rural destinations).
What is Customer Service?
Meeting the needs and wants of customers by providing them with products and services.
What is Social Media?
Websites and apps for sharing photos and information.
What are Customer Needs?
The basic human requirements of a customer (food, clothing, shelter, safety, a sense of belonging, and self-esteem).
What are Customer Wants?
Customer preferences.
For example, the type of hotel they want to stay in, or type of restaurant they want to visit.
What are Destinations?
Areas that attract visitors.
What is Customer Demand?
How willing and able a customer is to purchase particular products and services.
What is Sustainable Travel and Tourism?
Visiting places in ways that help sustain or conserve the environment and how people live.
What is a Pandemic?
A serious outbreak of disease across the world.
What is Leisure Travel?
Travel for pleasure and enjoyment.
What is Adventure Tourism?
Natural environment destinations such as rock climbing, white-water rafting, skiing, canoeing, scuba diving, or paragliding.
What is Nature Tourism?
Visiting places because of the natural environment, such as mountains, lakes, forests, or coral reefs.
What is Sports Tourism?
Visiting places in order to enjoy sport as a participant, competitor, or spectator (e.g., tennis or skiing).
What is Physical Tourism?
Visiting places to help with one’s well-being.
What is Cultural Tourism?
To enjoy experiencing new cultures and seeing the traditional lifestyle of local people.
What does Special Interest tourism refer to?
A hobby or pastime.
What is MICE Tourism?
Business tourism for work reasons, including Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions.
What is the Occupancy Rate?
The number of beds used out of the total number of bed spaces available.
What defines an Event in tourism?
A time-limited occurrence that appeals to tourists.
What does VFR stand for?
Visiting Friends and Relatives; when tourists travel to spend time with people they know.
What is Religious Tourism?
Travel to places considered special to show respect, including pilgrimages.
What is a Pilgrimage?
A visit to a place considered special to show respect, such as the Hajj to Mecca in Saudi Arabia.
What is Domestic Tourism?
When tourists visit destinations in their home country.
What is International Tourism?
When tourists travel from one country to another.
What is Inbound Tourism?
When tourists travel into a country.
What is Outbound Tourism?
When tourists travel away from the country where they live.
What is Mass Tourism?
When many tourists travel to destinations, often seen during summer at beach locations.
What is Packaged Tourism?
Tourist travel and visits organized by a travel and tourism business.
What is Unpackaged Tourism?
Independent tourism where everything is booked by the individual.
What is Short Haul travel?
A flight less than three hours.
What is Long Haul travel?
A flight more than six hours.
What is Independent Travel?
Self-arranged tourism.
What is Specialist Tourism?
Tourism involving visits to destinations due to a particular special interest.
What is a Tour Operator?
A travel and tourism business that organizes tour products for customers.
What are Components in tourism?
The individual parts of a holiday, such as transportation, accommodation, or meal plans.
What are Ancillary Services?
Extra support services for tourists, such as currency exchange.
What is a Travel Agent?
A business that sells travel and tourism products provided by other travel and tourism businesses.
What are the Types of Package Holidays?
All-inclusive, dynamic packages, mass-market, and special interest.
What does All Inclusive mean?
Includes travel, accommodation, and all meals.
What are Dynamic Packages?
Packages made from components chosen by customers.
What is the Tourism Market?
Products that are sold to tourists.
What is Responsible Tourism?
Tourists behaving respectfully towards the environment and local people.
What is a Guest House or B&B?
Guest houses include accommodations on a small scale, such as Pumphouse Point by Cumulus Studio.
What is a Hostel?
Includes basic accommodations with shared sleeping arrangements (dormitories).
What are Homestays?
Holiday accommodations where tourists stay in a local home.
What is Camping?
Can include basic tents or luxury campsites (caravan parks).
What are Serviced Apartments?
Self-catering accommodations with provided cleaning services.
List 4 Types of Catering Businesses.
Restaurants, cafes, street food vendors, and takeaways.
What do Travel Agents do?
Sell products and services provided by other tourism organizations.
What does a Tour Operator do?
Puts together different components for holidays and sells them as a package.
What are Transport Providers?
Travel and tourism businesses that provide different types of transport.
What are Visitor Attractions?
Places or events that appeal to tourists.
What are Natural Attractions?
Places that appeal to tourists because of the environment.
Examples of Air Transport?
Scheduled and charter flights.
Examples of Water Transport?
Ferry service operators.
Examples of Rail Transport?
Tram operators.
Examples of Road Transport?
Taxi firms.
What are Built Attractions?
Buildings or monuments that appeal to tourists, such as museums and theme parks.
Examples of Leisure Tourism Events?
Art festivals, religious celebrations, and the Olympic Games.
What are Ancillary Services in tourism?
Services provided to tourists other than travel, accommodation, visitor attractions, food, and drinks.
What is Vertical Integration?
Occurs when travel and tourism businesses merge.
What is Horizontal Integration?
Occurs when travel and tourism businesses from the same industry component merge.
What is Dynamic Packaging?
Makes holiday or tour packages instead of providing pre-arranged packages.
How has the internet and social media changed tourism?
Changed the ways customers book and pay for travel and tourism products.
How have restaurants increased sustainability?
By providing locally sourced organic food options and reusing plastic packaging.
What is Independent Travel?
Travel where a person books everything they need without using guides or outside companies.
Example of a large-scale destination?
The Everglades National Park and the Florida Keys.
What is a Resort?
A location visited mainly by leisure tourists, such as Whistler, a ski resort in Canada.
What is a Resort Town?
Towns where leisure tourism is the main economic activity, like Cancon in Mexico.
What are City Destinations?
Cities that attract tourists.
What is a National Park?
A large natural area protected by government rules for conservation and leisure.
What is a Nature Reserve?
A protected area to keep rare animals and plants safe from damage.
What is a Coastal or Island Destination?
Places that tourists visit at the coast, such as Rodrigues Island.
What is a Theme Park?
A major tourist attraction with many amusements and rules.
What is an All Inclusive Resort?
A destination or hotel that provides a wide range of products and services on one site.
What is a Purpose Built Resort?
A destination planned and built especially for tourism, like Disneyland, Paris.
What limits tourist destination choices?
Affordability (cost) and availability (restrictions).
What attracts leisure tourists to beach destinations?
The appeal of summer fun and relaxation, including sunny weather and watersports.
What is Infrastructure in tourism?
The basic systems and services that support local people and tourism.
What is Accessibility?
Ease of reaching or moving around a destination.
How can a city be made accessible?
By developing its transportation infrastructure, such as roads and airports.
What is Mobility?
The ability to move freely.
How can a tourist attraction be accessible for those with reduced mobility?
By including electric vehicles for transport in airports.
What has the internet and social media done for tourism?
Increased access to and sharing of information.
What is Responsible Tourism?
Tourism that cares for the environment and culture of local people.
How does weather and climate affect tourism?
Tourists book holidays during climates that appeal most to them.
How can historical and cultural attractions form a destination’s appeal?
Tourists desire to experience different cultures or historical symbols.
What are the Elements of Destination Appeal?
Events, leisure activities, MICE facilities, accommodation, and catering facilities.
What factors change destination appeal?
Social Media, new destinations, and increased desire for environmentally friendly travel.
What are External Customers?
Customers who use the products and services of a travel and tourism business.
List 4 Types of External Customers.
Families, groups, visitors with language differences, and people with specific needs.
Can external customer types overlap?
Yes, for example, a visitor with language differences may also have mobility needs.
List 3 types of specific needs tourists may have.
Mobility needs, sensory needs, and dietary needs.
Give an example of a dietary need.
Allergies and food intolerance.
What is Sustainable Travel?
Travel by means of sustainable forms of transport.
What shift has occurred in air travel due to environmental concerns?
Short-haul flights have been replaced with rail travel.
What is a Cruise?
A relaxing leisure journey, typically on water.
What is a Ferry?
Ships or boats that link destinations.
What is Overland Travel?
Travel by means of bridge or tunnel.
What are the types of road transport?
Privately owned cars, taxis, buses, minibuses, motorcycles, and bicycles.
What is a Fixed Link?
Bridges, tunnels, and causeway connections.
What is an E-scooter?
A type of sustainable, personal-use transportation available for public use.
What is MRT?
Mass Rapid Transport, a type of rail transportation for large numbers of people.
What is Customer Focus in tourism?
The appeal of destinations that attracts customers.
What are Trends in Travel and Tourism?
Directions of change in Travel and Tourism, including flows and factors.
What are Tourism Flows?
The movements of tourists between their home and destination.
What are Tourism-Generating Areas?
Places where tourists come from.
What are Tourism-Receiving Areas?
Areas that tourists visit.
List 3 ways Global tourism flows have changed.
Long-haul flights enable further travel, inland tourism-receiving areas are developing, and growth in southern and eastern Asia.
What did the COVID-19 pandemic cause in tourism?
Reduced international tourists, reduced domestic tourists, and increased domestic tourists during low infection rates.
What is Overtourism?
When there are too many tourists in a destination.
List 3 effects of overtourism.
Increased air pollution, increased litter, and harm to the destination environment.
Give an example of a place that experienced overtourism.
Durdle Door beach in the U.K. and Bondi Beach in Australia.
List 4 factors that affect global tourism flows.
Technological advances, health and security issues, economic changes, and social changes.
What is Disposable Income?
The amount of money people have to spend after necessities.
What does GDP measure?
The size of a country’s economy.
In tourism, what does GDP show?
The total value of all goods and services produced in a country.
What are Currency Exchange Rates?
The value of a country’s currency in another country.
Convert 1 U.S. dollar to Chinese Yuan.
1 USD totals to 7.28 Chinese Yuan.
Convert 1 U.S. dollar to Euro.
1 USD totals to 0.95 Euro.
Convert 1 U.S. dollar to Japanese Yen.
1 USD totals to 153.88 Japanese Yen.
Convert 1 U.S. dollar to Dominican Peso.
1 USD totals to 60.51 Dominican Peso.
What should governments invest in to encourage tourism?
Infrastructure.
List 7 ways governments may invest in infrastructure.
Transportation, roads, railways, airports, ports, electricity, and water supply.
What are social and demographic factors in changing tourism flows?
Age profiles, family structure, and attitudes towards tourism.
What does Social mean in tourism?
The ways in which people live together.
What does Demographic mean?
The structure or balance of a population.
What are Tourism Impacts?
The effects that tourism can have on a destination.
Why cater to early-retired couples for travel?
It would increase the outward tourism flow.
Give 2 examples of social change.
More single people living alone and changing attitudes towards tourism impacts.
Do diseases and epidemics reduce or increase tourism flows?
They reduce tourism flows due to fear of getting sick.
