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Science 24-25 > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of air masses?

A

Maritime tropical, Maritime polar, Continental tropical, Continental polar

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2
Q

Cell Wall

A

Stiff structure outside membrane protects from virus, PLANT CELL ONLY

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3
Q

Where are Continental tropical air masses formed?

A

Over warm land

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4
Q

Chloroplast

A

uses light to make glucose for energy - photosynthesis, PLANT CELL ONLY

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5
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Packages proteins and other lipids

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6
Q

Smooth ER

A

Makes fats (cholesterol), removes harmful substances

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7
Q

Rough ER

A

Major site of protein production - has ribosomes on it

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8
Q

Both ER

A

Makes lipids, transports protein

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9
Q

What organelles are only found in plant cells?

A

Chloroplast and Cell wall

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10
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

No, they do not have a nucleus

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11
Q

Examples of Eukaryotic cells

A

Plant, animal, fungi, and protists

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12
Q

True or False: Prokaryotic cells are multicellular

A

False

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13
Q

Chromosomes

A

DNA containing structure that carries genetic material through generations

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14
Q

Allele

A

A different form of a gene, can be dominant (R) or recessive (r)

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15
Q

Genetics

A

Study of genes

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16
Q

Heredity

A

Study of how genes are passed on

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17
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

In chromosomes inside a nucleus

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18
Q

Inherited Traits

A

Parent to offspring (hair color, eye color, etc.)

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19
Q

Learned Behavior

A

Develops over life (speak, ride a bike, etc.)

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20
Q

What happens when a vacuole has less water?

A

Cell will shrink or wilt

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21
Q

Genotypes

A

Genetic code - two alleles (Bb or BB)

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22
Q

Phenotypes

A

How traits appear (blue eyes)

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23
Q

Punnet Squares

A

Show genotype possibilities of offspring

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24
Q

Types of Adaptations

A

Structural, Behavioral, Physiological

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25
Q

Structural Adaptation

A

Physical characteristics

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26
Q

Behavioral Adaptations

A

Behave or acts

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27
Q

Physiological

A

Internal body systems

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28
Q

Warm front characteristics

A

Lots of drizzly rain, temps warm and warm air replaces cold

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29
Q

Stationary front characteristics

A

Cold and warm fronts meet, not enough energy to push it out, days of drizzly rain

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30
Q

Occluded front

A

warm front caught between cold, large amounts of rain or snow, lots of precipitation

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31
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A

Create a hypothesis, make predictions, conduct investigation, analyze results, draw conclusions, communicate results

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32
Q

Quantitative data

A

Involves measurements of numbers, time, mass, and density

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33
Q

Qualitative data

A

Involves 5 senses, adjectives or descriptive data

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34
Q

Ways to record quantitative data

A

charts, data table, model, and graphs

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35
Q

Lab safety preventative measures

A

Apron, goggles, and gloves

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36
Q

Lab safety tools

A

Fire extinguisher, fire blanket, eye wash station, first aid kit, shower

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37
Q

Independent Variable

A

Initially changed, being tested, x-axis

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38
Q

Dependent variable

A

Response to change, measured, y-axis

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39
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable, IV and DV are defined

40
Q

Types of investigations

A

Descriptive, Comparative, Experimental

41
Q

Descriptive Investigations

A

Drawing and diagrams

42
Q

Ho does the sun affect convection currents?

A

It unevenly heats the ocean which drives them because of different densities.

43
Q

Comparative Investigations

A

Compare and contrast

44
Q

Experimental Investigations

A

The entire scientific method; has IV, DV, and control group

45
Q

Types of graphs to compare variables

A

Bar graph, line graph, pie chart, scatter plot

46
Q
A
47
Q

Negative effects of human Impact on Ecosystems

A

Deforestation, mining, overfishing, pollution

48
Q

What would happen to a consumer’s population if its prey died out?

A

Its population would decrease, then seek new food or move to a new location

49
Q

Biodiversity

A

Number and variety of an ecosystem, all organisms that make up an ecosystem

50
Q

What happens when an ecosystem has a high biodiversity?

A

More stable, less likely to die from disaster

51
Q

What is the sustainability of an ecosystem?

A

The ability of an ecosystem to recover or keep homeostasis despite outside influence

52
Q

Why are non-native species dangerous?

A

They have no natural predators and their populations can go unchecked

53
Q

What is a pioneer species?

A

The first producer to populate an area after a disaster

54
Q

What is the pioneer species of primary succession?

A

Lichen and moss

55
Q

What is the pioneer species of secondary succession?

A

Annual plants and some grasses

56
Q

Primary Succession causes (3)

A

volcanic eruption, glacier slide, rock slide

57
Q

Secondary Succession causes

A

Wildfire, tornado, flood, abandoned farm

58
Q

What does primary succession start with?

A

Rock

59
Q

What does secondary succession start with?

A

Soil/ dirt

60
Q

Limiting factors in ecosystems

A

Factors that contain or limit an ecosystems population

61
Q

How long does primary succession take?

A

100-1000s of years

62
Q

How long does secondary succession take?

A

75+ years

63
Q

Main types of limiting factors (3)

A

Food, water, living space

64
Q

What is the beginning source of energy for all life?

A

The Sun

65
Q

What is specific heat?

A

The amount of thermal energy it takes to raise the temp. of a substance by one degree

66
Q

How does specific heat apply to the Earth’s oceans and atmosphere?

A

Water has a high specific heat which causes it to need more energy to change

67
Q

What is specific heat measured in?

A

1 degree Celsius

68
Q

What are gyres?

A

Looped systems of surface currents the move in the same direction. They cycle water through the ocean

69
Q

Which way do gyres move in the NH

A

Clockwise

70
Q

Which ways do gyres move in the SH

A

Counter-clockwise

71
Q

How many gyres are there in the world?

A

5

72
Q

What is a high pressure system?

A

High pressure center with cooler air that becomes more dense and sinks. When it nears the ground, it spreads clockwise.

73
Q

What is a low pressure system?

A

Low pressure center with warmer, rising air that move in a counterclockwise way.

74
Q

What does differences in air pressure do?

A

The differences in pressure causes winds and different temps.

75
Q

Coriolis effect

A

The movement of an object to the left or right cause by rotation. Earth’s winds and currents move because of Earth’s rotation.

76
Q

3 things that impact wind?

A
  1. Coriolis effect
  2. Convection
  3. Pressure differences
77
Q

3 things that impact surface currents?

A
  1. Global winds
  2. Coriolis effect
  3. Continental deflections
78
Q

2 things that impact deep currents?

A
  1. Density
  2. Salinity
79
Q

What is salinity?

A

The amount of salt in water

80
Q

What is an El Nino

A

A weather phenomenon that changes where HP and LP are located. They are centered over Asian and Australian which causes draughts. This causes and increase in precipitation in California and Southeast U.S.

81
Q

What pressure bring precipitation?

A

Low pressure because it rises, cools, and condenses which makes clouds that can cause precipitation.

82
Q

What weather is associated with high pressure?

A

Sunny and clear

83
Q

How do you know which way a front is moving on a map?

A

The objects (circles or triangles) are pointing in the direction that it is moving.

84
Q

What are 3 ways carbon is fast cycled?

A

Photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and decomposition

85
Q

What sphere is carbon fast cycled?

A

Biosphere

86
Q

Greatest output of Greenhouse gasses

A

Human interaction causes by burning fossil fuels and automobiles

87
Q

What is coral bleaching?

A

When water is too warm, coral releases their algae causing the coral to turn white. Essentially kills the coral.

88
Q

How does deforestion impact carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A

It removes large amounts of trees. Because trees take in carbon and release oxygen, when many are removed less carbon gets exchanged leaving more in the atomosphere.

89
Q

Main types of greenhouse gases? (4)

A

Methane, Carbon dioxide, Water vapor, and nitrous oxide

90
Q

How do producers impact the carbon cycle?

A

They take in carbon and release oxygen

91
Q

How do season impact the carbon cycle

A

In growing seasons, producers are more active so they take in more cabron. In winter seasons, they can’t take in as much

92
Q

Where does carbon first enter foodwebs?

A

Photosynthesis when plants absorb carbon from the atmosphere

93
Q

What would be a side effect to the carbon cycle in the case of a volcanic eruption?

A

It cases a cooling effect because ash can block the sun. It can also kill producers making it hard to take in carbon. Also, carbon is taken out of the geosphere and put in the atmosphere that will not return quickly.

94
Q

What does an increase of ultraviolet radiation tell us?

A

The ozone layer is thinning allowing more radiation to get through

95
Q

What does thinning or thickness of polar ice caps tell us.

A

It tells us that there could be climate change or global warming

Science 24-25 (2 decks)

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