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PSY240 > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

diagnostic heterogeneity

A

two ppl may not share any symptoms but have the same disorder

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2
Q

historical concepts of mental health

A

Ancient greek: humours, wandering uterus (biology), psychotherapy
persian and arabain world: first asylums, first medical text
dark ages europe: burning at the stake
16th and 17th century Europe: less supernatural
Asylums bad, then Mental hygiene Movement, then asylums good

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3
Q

degeneration theory

A

mental health was hereditary

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4
Q

phrenology

A

skull criminality

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5
Q

ECT

A

beneficial for depression, not scz as was thought pre 1950s

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6
Q

chlorpromazine

A

first antipsychotic drug
radically changed the management of patients
caused many people to not need bedside care and get transferred back to the community without supports, lead to high homelessness rates

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7
Q

single factor theories

A

trace origins to one factor

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8
Q

interactionist theories

A

behaviour is a product of an interaction of a variety of factors

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9
Q

birth of psychoanalysis

A

started with hypnotism then talking under hypnosis (cathartic method) then frued

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10
Q

id ego superego

A

id: unconscious base desires
ego: mediator conscious and pre conscious
superego: morals all 3 levels

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11
Q

psychosexual stages

A

oral: birth to 1 year
anal/bladder: 1-3 years
phallic: 3-6 years
latent: 6-puberty
genital: puberty to death

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12
Q

defence mechanisms

A

denial: ignore
displacement: dif person
sublimation: dif activity (healthy)
repression: unconsciously block out
projection: attribute to someone else

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13
Q

methods of freud

A

free associations, recall repressed memories, dreams

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14
Q

best reinforcement strat

A

intermittent rather than continuous

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15
Q

which operant conditioning thing is associated with avoidance?

A

negative reinforcement

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16
Q

mowrer two factors theory

A

phobias are made thru classical condition and maintained by negative reinforcement avoidance

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17
Q

social learning theory

A

bandura
vicarious learning

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18
Q

becks cognitive theory

A

focus on schemas, info biases, and automatic thoughts to change maladaptive thinking
socratic
finds loops and challenges them

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19
Q

rational emotive behaviour therapy ellis

A

combat and confront rigid maladaptive thoughts/beliefs
less socratic

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20
Q

third wave cbt and mindfulness

A

emphasize the role of attention in distress and that it can exacerbate maladaptive thoughts

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21
Q

humanistic theories

A

dysfunction is because ppl are unable to achieve self actualization
solution: give ppl the skills to self actualize themselves, person focused

22
Q

para vs sympathetic NS

A

rest and digest vs flight flight or freeze

23
Q

HPA Axis

A

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal cortext
cortisol
tends to be chronically activated for ppl with depression and anxiety

24
Q

integrative theories

A

theories that attempt to unify different theories into a cohesive explanation
ex systems and diathesis stress and biopsychosocial

25
Q

systems theory

A

the whole is more than the sum of its parts; there are multiple reciprocal relationships between factors

26
Q

concurrent validity

A

ability of a diagnostic categories to predict other factors related to the diagnosis but not the diagnosis itself
ex. does a depression diagnosis accurately predict the presence of negative cognitive biases

27
Q

predictive validity

A

the ability of a test to predict the future course of a disorder
ex. does a past diagnosis of depression predict a future low score on a mood test

28
Q

dsm1

A

psychoanalytic
poor utility

29
Q

dsm2

A

go rid of hysteria and homosexuality same problems as dsm1

30
Q

dsm3

A

multiaxis
atheoretical
operationally defined disorders
polythetic

31
Q

polythetic

A

only need to pas a threshold of symptoms not all

32
Q

rosenhan study

A

mental illness seen as irreversible not curable
labels were stigmatizing and led to docs to not thoroughly evaluate

33
Q

dsm4

A

required DnD

34
Q

dsm5

A

eliminated axes
added spectrums

35
Q

dsm problems

A

categorical not dimensional, high comorbidity, gender bias, cultural biases, ties to drug industry

36
Q

normative comparison

A

technique to compare the level of change in patients who receive treatment vs don’t

37
Q

internal validity

A

degree to which changes in the DV were due to changes in the IVe

38
Q

external validity

A

generalizability of the findings, aka can it apply to the real world
aka ecologically valid

39
Q

confounds

A

additional variables that may have an influence on the DV

40
Q

longitudinal studies

A

predicting correlation over time

41
Q

KC

A

anterograde memory

42
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases in a specific time period

43
Q

prevalence

A

frequency of a disorder at a given point in time

44
Q

alternate form reliability

A

test if 2 versions of the same test are correlated

45
Q

internal consistency

A

reliability within a test
split in half reliability - odd questions to even questions
coefficient alpha 1 q compared to whole test

46
Q

criterion validity

A

correlation between a measure and a tangible external thing

47
Q

clinical vs actuarial approach

A

clinical intuition vs objective methods of assessment

48
Q

response problems

A

acquiescent style (says yes to everything), socially desirable responding, demand characteristics

49
Q

malingering

A

exaggerating a symptom

50
Q
A

PSY240 (2 decks)

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