Midterm

Question 0

a seasonal prevailing wind in the region of South and Southeast Asia, blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain (the wet monsoon ), or from the northeast between October and April (the dry monsoon ).

Answer 0

Monsoon

Question 1

the most common form of plague in humans, characterized by fever, delirium, and the formation of buboes.

Answer 1

Bubonic plague

Question 2

a major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion.

Answer 2

Hinduism

Question 3

a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha

Answer 3

Buddhism

Question 4

The rebirth of a soul in a new body

Answer 4

Reincarnation

Question 5

(in Hinduism and Jainism) release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma.

Answer 5

Moksha

Question 6

(in Buddhism) a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism.

Answer 6

Nirvana

Question 7

the path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become practiced: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.

Answer 7

Eightfold path

Question 8

an ancient Indic language of India, in which the Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian languages are derived.

Answer 8

Sanskrit

Question 9

a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity

Answer 9

Caste system

Question 10

In cultural anthropology and cultural geography, cultural diffusion, as first conceptualized by Alfred L

Answer 10

Cultural diffusion

Question 11

the monotheistic religion of the Jews.

Answer 11

Judaism

Question 12

the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.

Answer 12

Christianity

Question 13

the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.

Answer 13

Islam

Question 14

Decalogue: the biblical commandments of Moses

Answer 14

Ten Commandments

Question 15

The Five Pillars of Islam are five basic acts in Islam, considered mandatory by believers and are the foundation of Muslim life. They are summarized in the famous hadith of Gabriel. They make up Muslim life, prayer, concern for the needy, self purification and the pilgrimage

Answer 15

Five pillars

Question 16

(in Judaism) the law of God as revealed to Moses and recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures (the Pentateuch).

Answer 16

Torah

Question 17

the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.

Answer 17

Animism

Question 18

Shinto: the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma; characterized by a veneration of nature spirits and of ancestors

Answer 18

Shintoism

Question 19

the four central beliefs containing the essence of Buddhist teaching

Answer 19

Four noble truths

Question 20

the belief in or worship of more than one god.

Answer 20

Polytheism

Question 21

the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.

Answer 21

Monotheism

Question 22

The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian law code, dating back to about 1772 BC. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world

Answer 22

Code of Hammurabi

Question 23

a member of the highest Hindu caste, that of the priesthood.

Answer 23

Brahman

Question 24

the principle of cosmic order.

Answer 24

Dharma

Question 25

an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles); followed by Marco Polo in the 13th century to reach Cathay

Answer 25

Silk Road

Question 26

In China, common names for China include Zhongguo and Zhonghua, while Han and Tang are common names given for the Chinese ethnicity. Other names include Huaxia, Shenzhou and Jiuzhou.

Answer 26

Middle Kingdom

Question 27

a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.

Answer 27

Confucianism

Question 28

the peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire.

Answer 28

Pax Romana

Question 29

a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power.

Answer 29

Guilds

Question 30

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Answer 30

Democracy

Question 31

writing consisting of hieroglyphs.

Answer 31

Hieroglyphics

Question 32

denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets.

Answer 32

Cuneiform

Question 33

a geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates

Answer 33

Fertile Crescent

Question 34

a 6th century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture in Istanbul; built as a Christian church, converted to a mosque in 1453, and made into a museum in the middle of the 20th century

Answer 34

Haggis Sophia

Question 35

The Corpus Juris Civilis is the modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor.

Answer 35

Justinian’s code

Question 36

In agriculture, a terrace is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming. This type of landscaping, therefore, is called terracing

Answer 36

Terrace farming

Question 37

The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the 16th century until the early 18th century. It was succeeded in the mid-18th century by the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 37

Commercial revolution

Question 38

the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code.

Answer 38

Chivalry

Question 39

The Hundred Years’ War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne. Many allies of both sides were also drawn into the conflict.

Answer 39

One Hundred Years’ War

Question 40

Manorialism, an essential element of feudal society, was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the villa system of the Late Roman Empire, was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe, and was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market

Answer 40

Manorialism